\u539f\u520a\u65bc\u300aE+E\u300bvolume 6, spring\/summer 2003<\/p>\n
\u73fe\u4ee3\u7684\u5927\u5b78\u5df2\u7d93\u4ee5\u4ee4\u4eba\u5fc3\u5bd2\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u767c\u5c55\u5230\u4e86\u4ee4\u4eba\u5fc3\u5bd2\u7684\u898f\u6a21\u3002\u6211\u5011\u9019\u4e9b\u4f9d\u7136\u4ee5\u70ba\u81ea\u5df1\u4efd\u5c6c\u4ec0\u9ebc\u601d\u60f3\u8005\u793e\u7fa4\u7684\u4eba\u5c07\u7a81\u7136\u610f\u8b58\u5230\uff0c\u4f60\u6211\u7d42\u65e5\u4f54\u7684\u6240\u5728\uff0c\u4e0d\u904e\u662f\u4e00\u8655\u5de8\u5927\u7121\u6bd4\u7684\u5ee2\u589f\u3002\u5728\u9019\u88e1\uff0c\u6211\u501f\u7528\u5df2\u6545\u7684\u6bd4\u723e\u2027\u745e\u5ef7\u65af\uff08Readings 1960-1994\uff09\u7684\u8853\u8a9e\u300c\u5ee2\u589f\u300d\u4f86\u63cf\u8ff0\u6211\u5011\u5927\u5b78\u6a5f\u69cb\u7684\u5371\u96aa\u72c0\u614b\u3002\u745e\u5ef7\u65af\u901d\u4e16\u5f8c\u4e0d\u4e45\uff0c\u300a\u65b0\u6587\u5b78\u53f2\u300b\uff08New Literary History\uff09\u7b56\u5283\u4e86\u500b\u8a0e\u8ad6\u9ad8\u7b49\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u5c08\u8f2f\uff0c\u520a\u8f09\u4e86\u4ed6\u7684\u3008\u5927\u5b78\uff0c\u6c92\u6709\u6587\u5316\uff1f\u3009\u9019\u7bc7\u6975\u5177\u722d\u8b70\u6027\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\uff0c\u7121\u60c5\u5730\u63d0\u9192\u6211\u5011\uff0c\u5927\u5b78\u7562\u7adf\u662f\u500b\u793e\u7fa4\uff0c\u4e0d\u7ba1\u6211\u5011\u5728\u90a3\u5152\u505a\u4ec0\u9ebc\uff0c\u54ea\u6015\u662f\u6d88\u8cbb\u670d\u52d9\u6216\u662f\u6587\u5316\u300c\u4fee\u88dc\u300d\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u626e\u6f14\u7684\u5230\u5e95\u662f\u6559\u80b2\u8005\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u3002\u745e\u5ef7\u65af\u9019\u500b\u5f37\u70c8\u7684\u6bd4\u55bb\u2014\u2014\u300c\u5ee2\u589f\u300d\u2014\u2014\u8b93\u6211\u5728\u9999\u6e2f\u56de\u6b78\u6b77\u53f2\u548c\u6587\u5316\u6bcd\u9ad4\u4e4b\u969b\u62fc\u547d\u5730\u601d\u8003\uff0c\u60f3\u4e00\u60f3\u81ea\u5df1\u4f5c\u70ba\u9019\u793e\u7fa4\u7684\u4e00\u54e1\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u65b9\u80fd\u91d0\u6e05\u6587\u5316\u7684\u6559\u8207\u5b78\u7684\u610f\u7fa9\u3002\u6211\u5728\u60f3\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u4e00\u5929\u5230\u665a\u4e0a\u8ab2\u958b\u6703\u5beb\u6587\u7ae0\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u505a\u9019\u4e9b\uff0c\u9762\u81e8\u7684\u662f\u660e\u986f\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u5f62\u5f0f\u548c\u9ad4\u5236\u7684\u5371\u6a5f\uff0c\u6b63\u5982\u745e\u5ef7\u65af\u6240\u8aaa\uff0c\u5168\u7136\u662f\u500b\u6709\u95dc\u7acb\u8db3\u5ee2\u589f\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u554f\u984c\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5728\u745e\u5ef7\u65af\u7684\u9673\u8ff0\u4e2d\uff08Readings 1995\uff1a466-7\uff0c1996\uff1a44-53\uff09\uff0c\u5927\u5b78\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u662f\u73fe\u4ee3\u6027\u9ad4\u5236\u7684\u90e8\u4efd\uff0c\u4ed6\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u300c\u6587\u5316\u300d\u4f5c\u70ba\u4e00\u7a2e\u5f37\u52e2\u7406\u5ff5\u662f\u96a8\u8457\u6c11\u65cf\u570b\u5bb6\u7684\u8208\u76db\u800c\u8a95\u751f\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u300c\u6587\u5316\u300d\u4e00\u822c\u662f\u88ab\u8996\u4f5c\u5145\u6eff\u50f9\u503c\u3001\u610f\u7fa9\u6df1\u9060\u7684\uff0c\u5b83\u5411\u4f86\u662f\u6211\u5011\u5efa\u7acb\u96c6\u9ad4\u9053\u5fb7\u6a19\u6e96\u7684\u5834\u6240\uff0c\u53ef\u662f\u6211\u5011\u7684\u5927\u5b78\u73fe\u5728\u6b63\u9762\u5c0d\u8457\u5b83\u7684\u74e6\u89e3\u3002\u7576\u6c11\u65cf\u8eab\u5206\u5728\u4eba\u6c11\u4e2d\u5931\u53bb\u76f8\u95dc\u6027\uff0c\u539f\u521d\u7684\u6587\u5316\u7406\u5ff5\u5c31\u7acb\u5373\u8b8a\u5f97\u4e0d\u53ef\u60f3\u50cf\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5c0d\u5927\u5b78\u793e\u7fa4\u4f86\u8aaa\u3002\u56e0\u70ba\u96a8\u8457\u6587\u5316\u7684\u5546\u54c1\u5316\uff0c\u5927\u5b78\u4f5c\u70ba\u516c\u5171\u7a7a\u9593\u4e2d\u4e00\u500b\u6a5f\u69cb\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u4e5f\u5728\u8870\u9000\uff0c\u540c\u6642\u77e5\u8b58\u5206\u5b50\u4f5c\u70ba\u516c\u773e\u4eba\u7269\u4e5f\u5728\u6d88\u5931\u4e2d\u3002\u4eca\u5929\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5df2\u591a\u5c11\u958b\u59cb\u63a5\u53d7\u9019\u4e9b\u4e8b\u5be6\uff0c\u5728\u9ad8\u7b49\u6559\u80b2\u4e2d\uff0c\u95dc\u65bc\u6587\u5316\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u8aaa\u4e0d\u51fa\u751a\u9ebc\u662f\u771f\u6b63\u53ef\u4fe1\u7684\uff0c\u6240\u80fd\u505a\u7684\u5247\u66f4\u5c11\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u9023\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8a71\u8a9e\u6216\u539f\u6559\u4e3b\u7fa9\u5f0f\u6297\u722d\u8ad6\u8ff0\u90fd\u53ea\u986f\u5f97\u529b\u7aed\u8072\u5636\uff0c\u60b2\u6158\u5730\u58ae\u843d\uff0c\u518d\u7b49\u800c\u4e0b\u4e4b\u7684\uff0c\u5728\u6b64\u79d1\u6280\u4e3b\u5c0e\u7684\u65b0\u4e16\u4ee3\u4e2d\u5247\u66f4\u986f\u5f97\u7a7a\u6d1e\u865b\u5984\uff0c\u5b8c\u5168\u7f3a\u4e4f\u4e00\u7d72\u8aaa\u670d\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n
\u6587\u5316\u7684\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u6027<\/p>\n
\u4e00\u500b\u7121\u53ef\u7f6e\u7591\u7684\u4e8b\u5be6\u662f\uff0c\u5728\u65e5\u8da8\u5b98\u50da\u3001\u65e5\u6f38\u540c\u4e00\u7684\u5927\u5b78\u88e1\u9762\uff0c\u56fa\u6709\u7684\u3001\u5177\u89e3\u653e\u610f\u7fa9\u7684\u4eba\u985e\u6587\u5316\u7684\u7406\u5ff5\u5df2\u7136\u5d29\u6f70\u3002\u800c\u5b83\u4f7f\u5f97\u5b78\u751f\u548c\u8001\u5e2b\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u5728\u8981\u5145\u5206\u6b23\u8cde\u5b78\u5e9c\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u591a\u91cd\u8996\u9ede\u548c\u591a\u7a2e\u7570\u898b\u6642\uff0c\u5728\u628a\u63e1\u5b78\u5e9c\u4ee5\u5167\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u548c\u610f\u7fa9\uff0c\u8981\u628a\u5b83\u8996\u4f5c\u4e00\u7a2e\u4e0d\u65b7\u89e3\u653e\u7684\u6587\u5316\u7d93\u6b77\u6642\uff0c\u90fd\u611f\u5230\u5f88\u4e0d\u8e0f\u5be6\u3001\u6975\u5176\u5403\u529b\u3001\u5230\u8655\u77db\u76fe\u548c\u56f0\u96e3\u91cd\u91cd\u3002<\/p>\n
\u70ba\u4e86\u80fd\u91cd\u65b0\u767c\u73fe\u5927\u5b78\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u771f\u8ae6\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u4e5f\u8a31\u9700\u8981\u66ab\u6642\u5f9e\u73fe\u4ee3\u6a5f\u69cb\u7ba1\u7406\u6587\u5316\u7684\u4e3b\u5c0e\u610f\u8b58\u5f62\u614b\u4e4b\u4e2d\u6e38\u79fb\u51fa\u53bb\uff0c\u8f49\u5230\u73fe\u5b58\u7684\u9ad4\u5236\u754c\u9650\u548c\u5b78\u79d1\u9818\u57df\u4ee5\u5916\uff0c\u53bb\u62f7\u554f\u73fe\u4ee3\u793e\u6703\u5728\u9839\u6557\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u9084\u6709\u518d\u601d\u8003\u5927\u5b78\u3001\u91cd\u69cb\u6587\u5316\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u55ce\u3002<\/p>\n
\u6211\u5011\u9700\u8981\u7684\uff0c\u662f\u56b4\u8085\u5730\u505a\u4e00\u7a2e\u70cf\u6258\u90a6\u5f0f\u7684\u98db\u8e8d\uff0c\u5f9e\u6587\u5316\u7684\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u898f\u5283\u98db\u8e8d\u5230\u6587\u5316\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u4e2d\uff1b\u5118\u7ba1\u4e00\u7247\u9839\u6557\uff0c\u4f46\u9084\u662f\u9700\u8981\u9762\u5411\u73fe\u5be6\uff0c\u7acb\u8db3\u5ee2\u589f\uff0c\u4e26\u901a\u904e\u7b56\u7565\u6027\u7d71\u5408\u9ad4\u5236\u754c\u9650\u7684\u91cd\u7d44\uff0c\u91cd\u65b0\u6f14\u7e79\u6587\u5316\u7684\u610f\u7fa9\uff08\u6216\u662f\u8aaa\u660e\u6587\u5316\u610f\u7fa9\u7684\u7f3a\u4e4f\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n
\u95dc\u65bc\u6587\u5316\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u7684\u9019\u500b\u6096\u8ad6\uff0c\u745e\u5ef7\u65af\u66fe\u8af7\u55bb\u6027\u5730\u63d0\u5230\u7576\u4ee3\u5b78\u8853\u754c\u88e1\u4e00\u500b\u300c\u5947\u602a\u7684\u5de7\u5408\u300d\uff0c\u5b83\u540c\u6642\u6a19\u8a8c\u8457\u6211\u5011\u5927\u5b78\u4e8b\u696d\u7684\u8870\u9000\u548c\u8208\u8d77\u3002\u7c21\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u6211\u7406\u89e3\u4ed6\u7684\u610f\u601d\u662f\uff0c\u96a8\u8457\u4f9d\u9644\u65bc\u5927\u5b78\u6559\u5e2b\u2014\u2014\u77e5\u8b58\u5206\u5b50\u2014\u2014\u9019\u500b\u89d2\u8272\u7684\u67d0\u7a2e\u300c\u8aaa\u8a71\u7acb\u5834\u7684\u55aa\u5931\u300d\uff08\u9019\u4e9b\u5927\u5b78\u6559\u5e2b\u4e00\u4e00\u77e5\u8b58\u5206\u5b50\u5728\u6574\u500b\u73fe\u4ee3\u6027\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\u4e2d\uff0c\u66fe\u7d93\u4f54\u64da\u8457\u6587\u5316\u5efa\u8a2d\u7684\u4e3b\u5c0e\u9663\u5730\uff09\u5728\u5927\u5b78\u6587\u5316\u7814\u7a76\u9019\u500b\u4ed6\u6240\u8b02\u7684\u300c\u6e96\u5b78\u79d1\u300d\u4e2d\uff0c\u6700\u8fd1\u4e00\u500b\u65b0\u8da8\u52e2\uff0c\u300c\u9810\u793a\u8457\u8981\u70ba\u4eba\u6587\u5b78\u79d1\u6a39\u7acb\u4e00\u7a2e\u65b0\u5178\u7bc4\u3002\u5b83\u5c07\u6216\u8005\u806f\u5408\u50b3\u7d71\u5b78\u79d1\u6216\u8005\u4e88\u4ee5\u53d6\u7de0\uff0c\u5f9e\u800c\u8abf\u6574\u7576\u4ee3\u77e5\u8b58\u554f\u984c\u7684\u6587\u5316\u653f\u6cbb\uff0c\u91cd\u5efa\u5927\u5b78\u7684\u793e\u6703\u4f7f\u547d\u300d\uff08Readings 1995\uff1a46-7\uff09\u3002\u5728\u9019\u500b\u7570\u5e38\u6df7\u4e82\u7684\u5341\u5b57\u8def\u53e3\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5fc5\u9808\u8a66\u5716\u8ffd\u554f\u70ba\u751a\u9ebc\u6587\u5316\u7814\u7a76\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u7a2e\u5f9e\u539f\u5148\u7684\u4e3b\u9ad4\u6027\u4f4d\u7f6e\u7684\u69cb\u6210\u4e0a\u5206\u96e2\u51fa\u53bb\u7684\u52aa\u529b\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u4e3b\u9ad4\u6027\u4f4d\u7f6e\u672c\u4f86\u662f\u56e0\u73fe\u5b58\u7684\u9ad4\u5236\u754c\u9650\u548c\u5b78\u79d1\u9818\u57df\u800c\u5f97\u4ee5\u5448\u73fe\u4e26\u6210\u70ba\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u3002\u6211\u5011\u5c24\u5176\u9700\u8981\u95dc\u6ce8\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u7576\u4ee3\u6587\u5316\u7814\u7a76\u5c07\u600e\u6a23\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u4ee5\u5177\u9ad4\u7684\u7b56\u7565\u6027\u5b78\u79d1\u91cd\u7d44\u4f86\u52a0\u4ee5\u56de\u61c9\u3002\u8209\u500b\u4f8b\u5b50\u8aaa\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u8ab2\u7a0b\u5b89\u6392\uff0c\u4e00\u65e6\u8981\u5728\u4e00\u5957\u5be6\u969b\u7684\u5b78\u79d1\u53c3\u6578\u4e2d\u91cd\u65b0\u6574\u7406\u79d1\u76ee\u7684\u5167\u6db5\u548c\u7d50\u69cb\uff0c\u5c31\u5fc5\u9808\u540c\u6642\u8981\u5728\u6211\u5011\u4f9d\u7136\u7a31\u4e4b\u70ba\u300c\u5927\u5b78\u300d\u6a5f\u69cb\u7684\u9839\u6557\u72c0\u614b\u4e0b\uff0c\u8ffd\u554f\u65b0\u5b78\u79d1\u5728\u7576\u524d\u73fe\u4ee3\u77e5\u8b58\u548c\u6587\u5316\u69cb\u6210\u4e2d\u7684\u4e3b\u9ad4\u6027\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5728\u5ee2\u589f\u88e1\uff0c\u5728\u6211\u5011\u4ecd\u672a\u5b8c\u5168\u88ab\u300c\u9ad4\u5236\u6027\u5be6\u7528\u4e3b\u7fa9\u300d\uff08institutional pragmatism\uff09\u541e\u566c\u524d\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u8a0e\u8ad6\uff0c\u53d7\u5230\u5168\u7403\u6587\u5316\u7d93\u6fdf\u5f71\u97ff\u800c\u6fc0\u8b8a\u7684\u7576\u4ee3\u793e\u6703\uff0c\u6587\u5316\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u53e6\u884c\u69cb\u60f3\u7684\u8de8\u5b78\u79d1\u8a2d\u8a08\uff0c\u5230\u5e95\u662f\u600e\u6a23\u70ba\u57f9\u990a\u958b\u653e\u7684\u8996\u9ede\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5951\u6a5f\u3002\u6211\u5011\u76f8\u4fe1\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u8996\u9ede\u7684\u57f9\u990a\u6709\u52a9\u65bc\u5927\u5bb6\u53bb\u7406\u89e3\u7576\u4ee3\u793e\u6703\u548c\u9ad4\u5236\u7684\u6709\u95dc\u8b8a\u5316\uff0c\u4e26\u8a66\u5716\u53bb\u6539\u8b8a\u6211\u5011\u5c0d\u9019\u7576\u4ee3\u793e\u6703\u7684\u6709\u95dc\u7406\u89e3\u3002\u986f\u7136\uff0c\u6d89\u53ca\u6587\u5316\u7814\u7a76\u5236\u5ea6\u5316\u7684\u67d0\u4e9b\u665a\u8fd1\u7684\u8da8\u52e2\u662f\u4ee4\u4eba\u64d4\u5fc3\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u9ad4\u5236\u5167\u5c0d\u793e\u6703\u6587\u5316\u7a2e\u7a2e\u66fe\u7d93\u5f15\u767c\u5b78\u79d1\u8f49\u63db\u3001\u523a\u6fc0\u6279\u5224\u751f\u6a5f\u7684\u7570\u8b70\uff0c\u5982\u4eca\u5df2\u4e0d\u5fa9\u5b58\u5728\u4e86\uff0c\u5b83\u5011\u65e5\u6f38\u88ab\u88dd\u626e\u5728\u300c\u5c08\u696d\u4e3b\u7fa9\u300d\u6216\u300c\u5353\u8d8a\u5b78\u79d1\u300d\u7684\u9ad4\u5236\u5305\u88dd\u88e1\u3002\u81ea\u7136\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u5c08\u696d\u4e3b\u7fa9\u5206\u5225\u68f2\u5c45\u65bc\u65b0\u8fd1\u5283\u5206\uff08\u4e5f\u96e3\u514d\u662f\u5b78\u79d1\u9810\u8a2d\u751a\u81f3\u662f\u5b78\u79d1\u91cd\u7d44\u5f8c\u7684\uff09\u7684\u77e5\u8b58\u6b0a\u5a01\u4e4b\u4e0a\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4f5c\u70ba\u6309\u6708\u9818\u85aa\u7684\u300c\u77e5\u8b58\u5206\u5b50\u300d\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u8981\u6e05\u695a\u610f\u8b58\u5230\u73fe\u4ee3\u7684\u5ee2\u589f\u5118\u7ba1\u8352\u8b2c\uff0c\u4f60\u6211\u9084\u5f97\u5f9e\u5b78\u9662\u7684\u6163\u4f8b\u4e2d\u6d6e\u6e38\uff0c\u5012\u4e0d\u662f\u70ba\u4e86\u54c0\u60bc\u90a3\u5b8f\u5927\u7684\u6587\u5316\u7406\u5ff5\u7684\u5931\u843d\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u60f3\u8a2d\u6cd5\u5f9e\u5ee2\u589f\u4e2d\u627e\u5230\u91cd\u65b0\u7acb\u8db3\u7684\u8fa6\u6cd5\uff0c\uff08\u5047\u5982\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u8a71\uff09\u8b93\u6211\u5011\u5f9e\u6839\u672c\u628a\u63e1\u4f5c\u70ba\u6559\u80b2\u8a08\u5283\u7684\u6587\u5316\u5efa\u8a2d\u7684\u8f49\u578b\u3002\u5728\u6b64\u7247\u5ee2\u589f\uff0c\u5927\u5b78\u9084\u80fd\u5920\u662f\u601d\u60f3\u8005\u793e\u7fa4\u55ce\uff1f\u800c\u4f5c\u70ba\u6559\u80b2\u8005\u7684\u57fa\u5730\uff0c\u300c\u6587\u5316\u7814\u7a76\u300d\u4ecd\u53ef\u71df\u9020\u751f\u6a5f\u55ce\uff1f<\/p>\n
\u91cd\u65b0\u60f3\u50cf\u601d\u60f3\u8005\u793e\u7fa4<\/p>\n
\u6211\u5011\u76ee\u524d\u6700\u6025\u5207\u9700\u6c42\u7684\uff0c\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u5efa\u9020\u4e00\u6240\u66f4\u6709\u6548\u7387\u3001\u66f4\u5177\u300c\u570b\u969b\u300d\u6c34\u5e73\u7684\u300c\u5353\u8d8a\u300d\u5b78\u5e9c\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u5fc5\u786c\u8aaa\u8981\u53bb\u6a39\u7acb\u4e00\u7a2e\u66f4\u5177\u6b0a\u5a01\u7684\u77e5\u8b58\u5178\u7bc4\uff0c\u6216\u767c\u5c55\u5927\u4e00\u7d71\u7684\u5b78\u8853\u4e8b\u696d\u3002\u745e\u5ef7\u65af\u4e3b\u5f35\uff0c\u5927\u5b78\u5fc5\u9808\u5c0b\u627e\u4e00\u7a2e\u300c\u65b0\u8a9e\u8a00\u300d\uff0c\u4ee5\u78ba\u8a8d\u5176\u4f5c\u70ba\u9ad8\u7b49\u6559\u80b2\u5834\u6240\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6211\u5011\u627f\u8a8d\u4eca\u5929\u7684\u5927\u5b78\u300c\u6b63\u5fd9\u8457\u628a\u5b83\u81ea\u5df1\u5f9e\u570b\u5bb6\u7684\u610f\u8b58\u5f62\u614b\u6b0a\u5a01\u8f49\u5316\u6210\u4e00\u500b\u5b98\u50da\u7d44\u7e54\uff0c\u4e00\u500b\u76f8\u5c0d\u81ea\u52d5\u5730\u9762\u5411\u6d88\u8cbb\u8005\u7684\u516c\u53f8\u300d\uff08Readings 1995\uff1a467\uff09\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u6211\u5011\u78ba\u5be6\u8a72\u958b\u59cb\u91cd\u65b0\u754c\u5b9a\u5b83\u9019\u500b\u9084\u6703\u4ee5\u4eba\u6587\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u51fa\u73fe\u7684\uff0c\u66f4\u5be6\u7528\u66f4\u4e16\u4fd7\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u3002\u96d6\u7136\u73fe\u5728\u770b\u4f86\u300c\u901a\u624d\u6559\u80b2\u300d\uff08liberal Education\uff0c\u6216\u7a31\u535a\u96c5\u6559\u80b2\uff09\u6240\u71df\u9020\u6216\u91cb\u653e\u7684\u4e3b\u9ad4\u5df2\u5f9e\u4efb\u4f55\u6709\u6a5f\u7684\u6587\u5316\u6bcd\u9ad4\u4e2d\u88ab\u62bd\u96e2\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u9084\u662f\u9700\u8981\u8ffd\u554f\u5927\u5b78\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u5c3a\u5ea6\u5230\u5e95\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u2014\u2014\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\u61c9\u8a72\u554f\u300c\u662f\u5426\u300d\u2014\u2014\u8ddf\u6211\u5011\u6d3b\u5728\u5176\u4e2d\u3001\u6d3b\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u548c\u70ba\u4e4b\u800c\u6d3b\u7684\u5207\u8eab\u6587\u5316\u5c3a\u5ea6\u76f8\u95dc\u3002\u56e0\u70ba\u7576\u6587\u5316\u4e0d\u518d\u88ab\u8996\u70ba\u4eba\u6587\u5b78\u79d1\u7684\u7576\u7136\u6c42\u77e5\u5c0d\u8c61\uff0c\u4f5c\u70ba\u6559\u80b2\u8005\u7684\u6211\u5011\u78ba\u5be6\u9700\u8981\u52aa\u529b\u53cd\u7701\u3002\u91cd\u65b0\u53bb\u78ba\u8a8d\u90a3\u7559\u4e0b\u7d66\u6211\u5011\u7684\u4e00\u5207\u8cf4\u4ee5\u754c\u5b9a\u5b78\u79d1\u8207\u6559\u5b78\u7684\u6846\u67b6\u3002\u751a\u81f3\u6211\u5011\u9084\u61c9\u8ffd\u554f\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5230\u5e95\u4f9d\u5faa\u751a\u9ebc\u6a23\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u65b9\u91dd\uff0c\u5e36\u9818\u6211\u5011\u7684\u5b78\u751f\u7a7f\u8d8a\u5171\u540c\u6587\u5316\u7684\u6d88\u89e3\uff0c\u6210\u70ba\u4eba\u6587\u8ad6\u8ff0\u5927\u6558\u8ff0\u9ad4\u5728\u73fe\u4ee3\u6027\u6a5f\u69cb\u4e2d\u6240\u300c\u9020\u5c31\u300d\u7684\u7121\u6578\u500b\u4eba\u548c\u793e\u6703\u5be6\u8e10\u4e2d\u7684\u7121\u540d\u5206\u5b50\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u4e0d\u5fc5\u518d\u81ea\u5713\u5176\u8aaa\uff0c\u8aaa\u5927\u5b78\u662f\u751a\u9ebc\u6587\u5316\u5834\u6240\uff1b\u5728\u9019\u500b\u5145\u6eff\u5f8c\u73fe\u4ee3\u7684\u5076\u7136\u3001\u9b06\u6563\u548c\u77db\u76fe\u7684\u65b0\u6642\u4ee3\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u6700\u9700\u8981\u800c\u53c8\u6700\u5bcc\u5f14\u8a6d\u610f\u5473\u7684\uff0c\u662f\u5c0d\u4eba\u6587\u5b78\u79d1\u9032\u6b65\u3001\u555f\u8499\u548c\u6e9d\u901a\u529f\u80fd\u63a1\u53d6\u4e00\u7a2e\u6fc0\u70c8\u7684\u3001\u56b4\u9177\u7684\u3001\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\u6211\u5011\u61c9\u7a31\u4e4b\u70ba\u300c\u8d85\u9053\u5fb7\u300d\u7684\u614b\u5ea6\uff08Bataille 1973\uff09\u3002\u9019\u78ba\u4e4e\u9700\u8981\u6d3b\u8e8d\u7684\u5c0d\u8a71\uff0c\u4ee5\u4f7f\u4eba\u6587\u6559\u80b2\u5b78\u79d1\u610f\u8b58\u5230\u5176\u6240\u8655\u4f4d\u7f6e\u7684\u8907\u96dc\u6027\u548c\u6b77\u53f2\u6027\uff1b\u540c\u6642\u610f\u8b58\u5230\u6211\u4e26\u4e0d\u80fd\u68f2\u5c45\u65bc\u9019\u4e9b\u758f\u96e2\u6211\u5011\u7684\u6240\u5728\uff08Readings 1995\uff1a480\uff09\u3002\u745e\u5ef7\u65af\u628a\u9019\u7a2e\u614b\u5ea6\u7a31\u70ba\u300c\u9ad4\u5236\u5316\u7684\u5be6\u7528\u4e3b\u7fa9\u300d\uff0c\u5c31\u6b64\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u77e5\u9053\u73fe\u4ee3\u5927\u5b78\uff0c\u4f5c\u70ba\u4e00\u500b\u300c\u9839\u6557\u7684\u6a5f\u69cb\u300d\uff08ruined institution\uff09\uff0c\u5c0d\u5176\u4f5c\u5148\u9a57\u627f\u64d4\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u6587\u5316\u529f\u80fd\u5c07\u4e0d\u518d\u8ca0\u8cac\uff08Readings 1995\uff1a485\uff0c480\uff1b1996\uff1a168\uff09\u3002\u800c\u6301\u7e8c\u5730\u5728\u5ee2\u589f\u4e2d\u5b58\u6d3b\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u610f\u5473\u8457\u8981\u6301\u7e8c\u5730\u9762\u5c0d\u5927\u5b78\u76ee\u524d\u6240\u4f54\u64da\u8457\u3001\u5f71\u97ff\u8457\u548c\u9ad4\u73fe\u8457\u7684\u9f90\u96dc\u800c\u7121\u60c5\u7406\u53ef\u8a00\u7684\u9ad4\u5236\u7a7a\u9593\u3002\u8b8a\u5f97\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u5c08\u9580\u548c\u5c08\u696d\u5316\u7684\u73fe\u4ee3\u5b78\u9662\u96d6\u7136\u8072\u8a00\u5176\u300c\u5168\u7403\u6027\u300d\uff0c\u4f46\u5df2\u4e0d\u80fd\u4fdd\u8b49\u50b3\u9054\u4e00\u500b\u8b1b\u6c42\u666e\u904d\u540c\u4e00\u7684\u7406\u5ff5\u3002\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\uff0c\u5982\u4eca\u5927\u5b78\u4ee5\u5168\u9762\u7684\u5b98\u50da\u9ad4\u5236\u767c\u5c55\u70ba\u4ee3\u50f9\uff0c\u8b8a\u5316\u6975\u5176\u8fc5\u901f\uff0c\u800c\u7b87\u4e2d\u91ce\u5fc3\u4e5f\u8a31\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u500b\uff1a\u72f9\u7fa9\u800c\u8a00\u662f\u5b78\u79d1\u767c\u5c55\u7684\u5c08\u9580\u5316\uff0c\u5ee3\u7fa9\u800c\u8a00\u662f\u5b78\u8853\u7684\u6240\u8b02\u5c08\u696d\u5316\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u8da8\u52e2\u665a\u8fd1\u4e5f\u5df2\u53d7\u5230\u731b\u70c8\u7684\u6279\u5224\uff08Damrosch 1995\uff0cReadings 1996\uff0cSaid 1994\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n
\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u627f\u8a8d\u5ee2\u589f\u7684\u73fe\u5be6\uff0c\u4e26\u4e0d\u76f4\u63a5\u7b49\u65bc\u8aaa\u53ef\u4ee5\u5ee2\u68c4\u6587\u5316\u548c\u6559\u80b2\uff0c\u53cd\u4e4b\uff0c\u5b83\u8981\u6c42\u6211\u5011\u4e0d\u80fd\u8f15\u6613\u8a8d\u53ef\u6211\u5011\u7684\u5c08\u696d\u5340\u57df\u548c\u5b83\u5011\u6240\u8f2a\u6d41\u652f\u6301\u7684\u5b78\u8853\u6a5f\u69cb\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u8ad6\u8ff0\u5be6\u8e10\u7684\u610f\u7fa9\u3002\u7c21\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u4e0d\u61c9\u300c\u6eff\u8db3\u65bc\u91cd\u5efa\u4e00\u500b\u9b3c\u57df\u300d\uff08Readings 1995\uff1a485\uff09\u3002\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\uff0c\u53d7\u5230\u6211\u5011\u6240\u670d\u52d9\u6a5f\u69cb\u7684\u57f9\u8a13\u548c\u518d\u57f9\u8a13\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u76ee\u524d\u90fd\u5df2\u5fb9\u5e95\u5730\u88ab\u9019\u7a2e\u6216\u90a3\u7a2e\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u9ad4\u5236\u5be6\u7528\u4e3b\u7fa9\u6240\u6b66\u88dd\uff0c\u9019\u4e0d\u5149\u662f\u6307\u6211\u5011\u6e05\u695a\u5730\u770b\u5230\u6709\u5fc5\u8981\u6309\u4e3b\u6d41\u6a19\u6e96\u628a\u81ea\u5df1\u6539\u9020\u5f97\u66f4\u5c08\u696d\u5316\uff0c\u9084\u6307\u6211\u5011\u6703\u7e31\u5bb9\u81ea\u5df1\u5b89\u65bc\u5728\u9580\u5b78\u79d1\u4e2d\u6559\u5b78\u8207\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u591a\u7a2e\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u5fc5\u518d\u53bb\u60f3\u6559\u80b2\u61c9\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u8207\u793e\u7fa4\u5171\u5b58\u7684\u3001\u89e3\u653e\u6027\u7684\u5b78\u7fd2\u7d93\u6b77\u3002<\/p>\n
\u554f\u984c\u662f\uff0c\u5728\u6211\u5011\u4eca\u5929\u9019\u6a23\u9839\u6557\u7684\u5b78\u9662\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u9084\u6709\u6c92\u6709\u518d\u60f3\u50cf\u300c\u793e\u7fa4\u300d\u9019\u500b\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u5177\u9ad4\u5e0c\u671b\uff1f\u6211\u5011\u7684\u6311\u6230\u4f86\u81ea\u65bc\u4f60\u6211\u8981\u5728\u6559\u5b78\u8207\u7814\u7a76\u6d3b\u52d5\u7684\u9ad4\u5236\u6027\u5c40\u9650\u4e2d\uff0c\u53bb\u6aa2\u95b1\u548c\u767c\u63ee\u6211\u5011\u7684\u60f3\u50cf\u3002\u90a3\u9ebc\u5728\u9839\u6557\u4e2d\uff0c\u70ba\u4e86\u5e6b\u6211\u5011\u7684\u5b78\u5e9c\u62b5\u79a6\u83ab\u91cc\u68ee\u6240\u63d0\u53ca\u7684\u8868\u5fb5\u7684\u66b4\u529b\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u6240\u80fd\u505a\u7684\u53c8\u80fd\u662f\u751a\u9ebc\u5462\uff1f\u63db\u53e5\u8a71\u8aaa\uff0c\u6709\u751a\u9ebc\u8fa6\u6cd5\u53ef\u4f7f\u6211\u5011\u628a\u5927\u5b78\u91cd\u5efa\u6210\u4e00\u500b\u8a98\u767c\u7570\u8b70\u7684\u6587\u5316\u5834\u6240\u5462\uff1f\u5118\u7ba1\u6211\u5011\u7684\u6240\u5728\u5730\u5ee2\u589f\u7e3d\u662f\u6b77\u4e45\u7336\u65b0\uff0c\u597d\u8b93\u6211\u5011\u65e5\u4ee5\u7e7c\u591c\u5730\u8a55\u8aaa\u5176\u5f62\u5f0f\u8207\u610f\u7fa9\u5982\u4f55\u5730\u6b98\u7f3a\u4e0d\u582a\uff08Readings 1995:478\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n
[\u2026]<\/p>\n
\u6559\u5b78\u6311\u6230\uff0c\u5b78\u9662\u8b8a\u9769<\/p>\n
\u5230\u5e95\u751a\u9ebc\u662f\u73fe\u4ee3\u7684\u5927\u5b78\uff1f\u2026\u2026\u5927\u5b78\u5c31\u662f\u5b83\u7684\u6210\u54e1\u6240\u505a\u7684\u4e00\u5207\u3002
\n\u9054\u83ab\u82e5\u5e0c\uff08Damrosch 1995\uff1a16\uff09<\/p>\n
\u7576\u524d\u77e5\u8b58\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u96e3\u984c\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u8655\u7406\u73fe\u4ee3\u5c08\u696d\u5316\uff08professionalism\uff09\u904e\u7a0b\u6240\u5e36\u4f86\u7684\u885d\u64ca\u2026\u2026\u901a\u904e\u518d\u73fe\u4e00\u5957\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u50f9\u503c\u89c0\uff0c\u901a\u904e\u843d\u5be6\u77e5\u8b58\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u7279\u6709\u6b0a\u3002\u6211\u628a\u9019\u4e9b\u7e3d\u7d50\u5728\u696d\u9918\u4e3b\u7fa9\uff08amateurism\uff09\u7684\u540d\u4e0b\uff0c\u5c31amateur\u7684\u539f\u7fa9\u4f86\u52a0\u4ee5\u5f15\u4f38\uff0c\u9019\u985e\u884c\u70ba\u7684\u52d5\u529b\u4f86\u81ea\u95dc\u5207\u548c\u559c\u611b\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u4f9d\u9760\u5229\u76ca\u7684\u8a98\u60d1\u548c\u81ea\u79c1\u3001\u72f9\u7a84\u7684\u5c08\u696d\u5316\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002
\n\u85a9\u4f0a\u5fb7Said\uff081994\uff1a82\uff09<\/p>\n
\u6211\u5011\u76ee\u524d\u5728\u72f9\u7fa9\u7684\u6587\u5b78\u6559\u5b78\u548c\u5ee3\u7fa9\u7684\u6587\u5316\u7814\u7a76\u4e0a\u6240\u7d93\u6b77\u7684\u65b0\u653f\u6cbb\u5316\u968e\u6bb5\uff0c\u4e43\u662f\u7531\u665a\u8fd1\u5b78\u8853\u754c\u77e5\u8b58\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u8f49\u578b\u5e36\u4f86\u7684\u3002\u5927\u885b\u2027\u9054\u83ab\u82e5\u5e0c\uff08David Damrosch\uff09\u5728\u5176\u6240\u8457\u300a\u6211\u5011\u5b78\u8005\uff1a\u6539\u8b8a\u8457\u5927\u5b78\u7684\u6587\u5316\u300b\u4e2d\u6307\u51fa\u300c\u4e00\u5207\u6709\u95dc\u5b78\u8005\u61c9\u8a72\u7814\u7a76\u4e9b\u751a\u9ebc\u3001\u8a72\u7528\u54ea\u7a2e\u65b9\u6cd5\u4f86\u9032\u884c\u7814\u7a76\u7b49\u722d\u8ad6\uff0c\u5230\u982d\u4f86\u4e43\u662f\u4e00\u5834\u6709\u95dc\u9019\u5b78\u8005\u793e\u7fa4\u81ea\u8eab\u6027\u8cea\u554f\u984c\u7684\u722d\u8ad6\u300d\uff08Damrosch 1995\uff1a5O\uff09\u5f9e\u4eca\u5929\u6587\u5316\u7814\u7a76\u767c\u5c55\u7684\u89c0\u9ede\u4f86\u770b\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u4e5f\u8a31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5bc4\u671b\u9ad4\u5236\u5316\u5e36\u4f86\u4e9b\u6709\u5229\u689d\u4ef6\uff0c\u4e5f\u8a31\u5be6\u7528\u4e3b\u7fa9\u5c07\u6c38\u9060\u662f\u9ad4\u5236\u7684\u69cb\u6210\u539f\u7d20\uff0c\u4e0d\u7ba1\u5f8c\u8005\u7684\u8b8a\u5316\u5982\u4f55\u3002\u4f46\u70ba\u4e86\u5805\u5be6\u5730\u7acb\u8db3\u65bc\u6211\u5011\u6240\u8eab\u8655\u7684\uff08\u5916\u5728\u65bc\u9839\u6557\u9ad4\u5236\u7684\uff09\u6587\u5316\u4e4b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5fc5\u9808\u6700\u7d42\u95dc\u5fc3\u5230\u793e\u5340\u4e2d\u5404\u7a2e\u6587\u5316\u5be6\u8e10\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u95dc\u5fc3\u65b0\u805e\u8a18\u8005\u3001\u4f5c\u5bb6\u3001\u8a55\u8ad6\u54e1\u3001\u96fb\u5f71\u88fd\u7247\u3001\u5287\u4f5c\u5bb6\u3001\u6559\u5e2b\u3001\u7de8\u8f2f\u7b49\u4eba\u58eb\u7684\u6587\u5316\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u7c21\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u5f9e\u4e00\u500b\u5df2\u7136\u9839\u6557\u7684\uff08\u5927\u5b78\uff09\u9ad4\u5236\u8f49\u79fb\u5230\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u540c\u6a23\u9839\u6557\u7684\uff08\u6587\u5316\uff09\u9ad4\u5236\u4e2d\u53bb\u3002\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u8aaa\uff0c\u9577\u9060\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u8de8\u5b78\u79d1\u5de5\u4f5c\u6240\u8981\u6c42\u7684\u6279\u8a55\u6027\u6587\u5316\u7d93\u9a57\u548c\u654f\u611f\u5ea6\uff0c\u9060\u9060\u8d85\u904e\u4e86\u7576\u524d\u9999\u6e2f\u7684\u5b78\u8853\u7bc4\u578b\u5728\u5176\u65e2\u6709\u9ad8\u7b49\u6559\u80b2\u7d50\u69cb\u4e2d\u6240\u80fd\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u5167\u5bb9\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5728\u73fe\u5b58\u7684\u5b78\u9662\u5be6\u8e10\u8207\u7d50\u69cb\u4e2d\uff0c\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u6771\u897f\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u6559\u5b78\u548c\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff09\u6700\u7d42\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u6539\uff0c\u5c31\u76ee\u524d\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u8b93\u6211\u5011\u5148\u8003\u616e\u5728\u5f8c\u73fe\u4ee3\u7684\u5b78\u9662\u77e5\u8b58\u751f\u7522\u8f49\u578b\u4e2d\u77e5\u8b58\u5206\u5b50\u4f4d\u7f6e\u7684\uff08\u91cd\u65b0\uff09\u754c\u5b9a\u3002\u9054\u83ab\u82e5\u5e0c\u5beb\u4e86\u6574\u672c\u66f8\u5c0d\u7576\u4ee3\u7f8e\u570b\u7684\u60c5\u5f62\u9032\u884c\u4e86\u5168\u9762\u8a55\u4f30\uff0c\u63d0\u5230\u300c\u76ee\u524d\u5927\u5bb6\u7684\u6e9d\u901a\u56f0\u96e3\u4e43\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u6e90\u65bc\u6211\u5011\u6240\u8eab\u8655\u7684\u9ad4\u5236\u7d50\u69cb\u4ee5\u53ca\u8a72\u9ad4\u5236\u6240\u4e0d\u65b7\u5b55\u80b2\u7684\u7d44\u7e54\u6587\u5316\u300d\u3002\u4ed6\u8aaa\u9019\u4e9b\u7d50\u69cb\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u4e88\u4ee5\u6539\u8b8a\uff0c\u5c07\u7121\u7591\u6703\u9632\u7919\u300c\u6211\u5011\u532f\u96c6\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u89c0\u9ede\u548c\u6301\u4e0d\u540c\u89c0\u9ede\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u6b63\u503c\u6211\u5011\u8981\u4e0d\u65b7\u5f37\u5316\u81ea\u8eab\u7279\u6b8a\u5c08\u696d\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u529b\u91cf\u548c\u8eab\u5206\u4e4b\u6642\u300d\uff08Damrosch 1995\uff1a5\uff09\u3002\u63db\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u65e2\u5df2\u9839\u6557\u81f3\u65af\uff0c\u4eca\u5929\u7684\u5927\u5b78\u5be6\u5728\u7121\u6cd5\u5fb9\u5e95\u7406\u89e3\u7570\u8b70\u7684\u6839\u672c\uff0c\u800c\u8af7\u523a\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5982\u524d\u6240\u8aaa\uff0c\u7570\u8b70\u6b63\u662f\u6587\u5316\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u3002\u96e3\u602a\u611b\u5fb7\u83ef\uff0e\u85a9\u4f0a\u5fb7\uff08Edward Said\uff09\u628a\uff08\u897f\u65b9\uff09\u7576\u4ee3\u77e5\u8b58\u5206\u5b50\u6d88\u5931\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u6b78\u7a76\u65bc\u9019\u7a2e\u81f4\u547d\u7684\u300c\u5c08\u696d\u4e3b\u7fa9\u300d\u7684\u614b\u5ea6\u3002\u5728\u300a\u77e5\u8b58\u5206\u5b50\u8ad6\u300b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ed6\u56b4\u8085\u5730\u5efa\u8b70\u6211\u5011\u5728\u300c\u696d\u9918\u6027\u300d\u4e2d\u53bb\u5c0b\u627e\u89e3\u6c7a\u8fa6\u6cd5\u3002\u4ed6\u63d0\u51fa\uff0c\u300c\u8981\u7dad\u6301\u77e5\u8b58\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u76f8\u5c0d\u7368\u7acb\u6027\uff0c\u63a1\u53d6\u4e00\u7a2e\u696d\u9918\u7684\u800c\u975e\u5c08\u696d\u7684\u59ff\u614b\u4e5f\u8a31\u662f\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\u300d\uff08Said 1994\uff1a87\uff09\u3002\u85a9\u4f0a\u5fb7\u7684\u63d0\u6cd5\uff0c\u770b\u4f3c\u532a\u5937\u6240\u601d\uff0c\u537b\u7684\u78ba\u5341\u5206\u6709\u529b\u5730\u9ede\u51fa\u4e86\u5c08\u696d\u77e5\u8b58\u5206\u5b50\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u77db\u76fe\u548c\u56f0\u5c40\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u6587\u5b78\u548c\u6587\u5316\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u8981\u95dc\u5fc3\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u8ad6\u554f\u984c\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n
\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u7684\u56b4\u683c\u8a13\u7df4\u544a\u8a34\u6211\u5011\uff0c\u300c\u5b78\u8853\u5c08\u9577\u5c31\u50cf\u73fe\u4ee3\u793e\u6703\u7684\u8907\u96dc\u6027\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u662f\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u73fe\u5be6\uff0c\u5b83\u4e0d\u592a\u53ef\u80fd\u4efb\u8ab0\u8aaa\u8981\u6539\u5c31\u6539\u300d\uff08Damrosch 1995\uff1a3\uff09\u3002\u6211\u5011\u90fd\u662f\u719f\u7df4\u7684\u5be6\u7528\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u6df1\u5207\u7406\u89e3\u5230\u6b64\u4e00\u4e8b\u5be6\u3002\u4f5c\u70ba\u5c08\u696d\u4eba\u54e1\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u6e05\u695a\u660e\u767d\u9019\u7a2e\u8c61\u5fb5\u8457\u6211\u5011\u5728\u9ad4\u5236\u4e2d\u5b58\u6d3b\u7684\u73fe\u5be6\u7684\u4fdd\u8b77\u4e3b\u7fa9\u6216\u4fb5\u7565\u4e3b\u7fa9\u610f\u5473\u8457\u751a\u9ebc\u3002\u56e0\u800c\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u904e\u4efd\u5929\u771f\u7684\u8a66\u5716\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u5efa\u8b70\u591a\u5143\u5316\u7684\u5408\u4f5c\u6559\u80b2\u6216\u5408\u4f5c\u5b78\u7fd2\uff08Damrosch 1995\uff1a134\uff0c139\uff09\uff0c\u8981\u5be6\u884c\u8d77\u4f86\u90fd\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u56f0\u96e3\u7684\uff0c\u9664\u975e\u6211\u5011\u80fd\u628a\u7d44\u7e54\u7684\u6587\u5316\u5efa\u57fa\u65bc\u66f4\u5ee3\u6cdb\u7684\u5c0d\u8a71\u548c\u516c\u958b\u7684\u53c3\u8207\uff0c\u6b67\u8b70\u548c\u7570\u8b70\u7684\u6311\u6230\u624d\u80fd\u88ab\u91cd\u65b0\u6ce8\u5165\u5b78\u8853\u5c08\u696d\u4eba\u54e1\u7684\u73fe\u884c\u5be6\u7528\u4e3b\u7fa9\u4e4b\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n
\u85a9\u4f0a\u5fb7\u770b\u4f86\u4e5f\u662f\u62b1\u8457\u5341\u5206\u61f7\u7591\u7684\u614b\u5ea6\uff0c\u4ed6\u8aaa\uff1a\u300c\u5982\u4eca\u4eba\u4eba\u90fd\u80fd\u8aaa\u51fa\u611b\u5e73\u7b49\u3001\u8981\u548c\u8ae7\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u7fa9\u5f0f\u7684\u8a00\u8ac7\u3002\u77e5\u8b58\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u96e3\u984c\u5c31\u662f\u628a\u9019\u4e9b\uff08\u9ad4\u5236\u5316\u7684\uff09\u89c0\u5ff5\u5e36\u5165\u5be6\u969b\u7684\u60c5\u5883\u4e2d\uff0c\u65bc\u6b64\uff0c\u5e73\u7b49\u8207\u6b63\u7fa9\u7684\u5049\u5927\u5ba3\u544a\u548c\u4f60\u6211\u9762\u81e8\u7684\u73fe\u5be6\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u5dee\u8ddd\u975e\u5e38\u5de8\u5927\u300d\uff08Said 1994\uff1a94\uff09\u3002\u4e5f\u8a31\u4eba\u5011\u66f4\u559c\u6b61\u55ac\u59c6\u65af\u57fa\uff08Noam Chomsky\uff09\u7684\u76f4\u7387\uff0c\u300c\u5982\u679c\u5805\u6301\u771f\u7406\u662f\u77e5\u8b58\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u8cac\u4efb\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u4ed6\u5011\u4e5f\u6709\u8cac\u4efb\u4ee5\u5177\u9ad4\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\u773c\u5149\u4f86\u770b\u5f85\u548c\u843d\u5be6\u6b64\u4e8b\u300d\uff08Chomsky 1969\uff1a352-3\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n
\u96f7\u8499\uff0e\u5a01\u5ec9\u58eb\uff08Raymond Williams\uff09\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u5f9e\u6587\u5b78\u904e\u6e21\u5230\u6587\u5316\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u5be6\u8e10\u8005\u3002\u85a9\u4f0a\u5fb7\u57281989\u5e74\u5a01\u5ec9\u58eb\u901d\u4e16\u4e00\u9031\u5e74\u7684\u7d00\u5ff5\u6703\u4e0a\uff0c\u4fbf\u6307\u51fa\u4ed6\u662f\u672c\u4e16\u7d00\u4e00\u500b\u300c\u6700\u6709\u6a5f\uff08organic\uff09\u7684\u6279\u8a55\u8005\u2026\u2026\u6709\u8ab0\u6bd4\u4ed6\u66f4\u80fd\u5c07\u82f1\u570b\u6587\u5b78\u7684\u5206\u6790\u53ca\u89c0\u5bdf\u5efa\u57fa\u65bc\u57ce\u5e02\u53ca\u9109\u6751\u98a8\u4fd7\u3001\u5de5\u4eba\u3001\u5bb6\u5ead\u3001\u8fb2\u6c11\u3001\u7d33\u58eb\u3001\u9752\u5e74\u4eba\u3001\u63a2\u96aa\u5bb6\u3001\u6559\u5e2b\u2026\u2026\u800c\u4e0d\u55ae\u55ae\u662f\u8a69\u4eba\u3001\u5287\u4f5c\u5bb6\u53ca\u5c0f\u8aaa\u5bb6\u7684\u4e16\u754c\uff1f\u300d\uff08Said 1990\uff1a82\uff09\u3002\u6587\u5316\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u5b78\u8853\u8def\u7dda\u3001\u8207\u6e6f\u666e\u68ee\uff08E.P Thompson\uff09\u5728\u516d\u5341\u5e74\u4ee3\u521d\u5728\u5b78\u9662\u5916\u8fa6\u6210\u4eba\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u7d93\u9a57\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4f5c\u70ba\u4e00\u500b\u751f\u5728\u5a01\u723e\u65af\u53ca\u82f1\u683c\u862d\u5169\u500b\u5730\u65b9\u7684\u300c\u908a\u754c\u4eba\u300d\u8eab\u5206\uff0c\u4f7f\u5a01\u5ec9\u58eb\u5c0d\u77e5\u8b58\u4efd\u5b50\u7684\u754c\u5b9a\u548c\u8a34\u6c42\u4e26\u4e0d\u62d8\u6ce5\u65bc\u6240\u8b02\u5728\u5b78\u9662\u5167\u641e\u5b78\u554f\u7684\u4eba\u3002\u4ed6\u5c0d\u77e5\u8b58\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\u8207\u5b89\u6771\u5c3c\u5967\u2027\u845b\u862d\u897f\uff08Antonio Gramsci\uff09\u9817\u70ba\u76f8\u8fd1\u3002\u5728\u300aCulture\u300b\u7684\u6700\u5f8c\u4e00\u7ae0\uff0c\u5a01\u5ec9\u58eb\u82b1\u4e86\u5f88\u591a\u7bc7\u5e45\u8ac7\u77e5\u8b58\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u6587\u5316\u793e\u6703\u5b78\uff0c\u4ee5\u80af\u5b9a\u77e5\u8b58\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u5730\u4f4d\u3002\u4ed6\u5f15\u7528\u845b\u862d\u897f\u5c0d\u77e5\u8b58\u4efd\u5b50\u958b\u653e\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\u300c\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u90fd\u662f\u77e5\u8b58\u5206\u5b50\u2026\u4f46\u4e0d\u662f\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u90fd\u5728\u767c\u63ee\u77e5\u8b58\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u300d\uff08Williams 1981\uff1a215\uff09\u3002\u845b\u862d\u897f\u5f37\u8abf\u4e00\u5207\u4eba\u985e\u6d3b\u52d5\u90fd\u727d\u6d89\u77e5\u8b58\uff0c\u554f\u984c\u5728\u65bc\u751a\u9ebc\u624d\u662f\u300c\u767c\u63ee\u77e5\u8b58\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u300d\uff0c\u7e7c\u800c\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u90a3\u8457\u540d\u7684\u300c\u6709\u6a5f\u7684\u300d\u8207\u300c\u50b3\u7d71\u7684\u300d\u77e5\u8b58\u5206\u5b50\uff08organic and traditional intellectual\uff09\u7684\u5206\u5225\uff0c\u5617\u8a66\u89e3\u6c7a\u300c\u767c\u63ee\u529f\u80fd\u300d\u7684\u554f\u984c\u3002\u5a01\u5ec9\u58eb\u8a8d\u70ba\u845b\u862d\u897f\u96d6\u7136\u958b\u653e\u4e86\u300c\u77e5\u8b58\u5206\u5b50\u300d\u7684\u610f\u6db5\uff0c\u53ef\u662f\u5230\u6700\u5f8c\u4ed6\u4ecd\u4e0d\u514d\u8981\u4ee5\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\u60c5\u6cc1\u4f86\u754c\u5b9a\u300c\u77e5\u8b58\u5206\u5b50\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5a01\u5ec9\u58eb\u8981\u63a2\u6c42\u7684\u662f\u4e00\u5957\u5c0d\u73fe\u4ee3\u77e5\u8b58\u5206\u5b50\u666e\u904d\u7684\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3002\u4e00\u5982\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u6587\u5316\u7406\u8ad6\uff0c\u4ed6\u8a8d\u70ba\u4e86\u89e3\u77e5\u8b58\u5206\u5b50\u61c9\u5f9e\u6574\u9ad4\u5165\u624b\uff0c\u8981\u5728\u793e\u6703\u53ca\u6587\u5316\u7684\u7e3d\u9ad4\u7db2\u7d61\u4e2d\uff0c\u5206\u6790\u77e5\u8b58\u4efd\u5b50\u6240\u95dc\u5fc3\u7684\u7406\u5ff5\u53ca\u6982\u5ff5\u5982\u4f55\u751f\u7522\u53ca\u518d\u751f\u7522\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u627e\u51fa\u77e5\u8b58\u5206\u5b50\u8207\u5176\u4ed6\u6587\u5316\u751f\u7522\u8005\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\u3002\u4ed6\u63d0\u51fa\u300c\u76f8\u5c0d\u8ddd\u96e2\uff08relative distance\uff09\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u4ee5\u8aaa\u660e\u6587\u5316\u751f\u7522\u8005\u53ca\u77e5\u8b58\u5206\u5b50\u8207\u793e\u6703\u4e0a\u65e2\u5b58\u7684\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u76f8\u5c0d\u81ea\u4e3b\u6027\u3002\u6240\u8b02\u300c\u76f8\u5c0d\u8ddd\u96e2\u300d\uff0c\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u958b\u653e\u4e86\u77e5\u8b58\u5206\u5b50\u53ef\u751f\u5b58\u65bc\u4efb\u4f55\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\uff0c\u4ea6\u540c\u6642\u89e3\u6c7a\u4e86\u845b\u862d\u897f\u4ee5\u7121\u7522\u968e\u7d1a\u5229\u76ca\u70ba\u4e2d\u5fc3\u9ede\u53bb\u5b9a\u4f4d\u77e5\u8b58\u5206\u5b50\u6642\u6240\u5e36\u4f86\u7684\u7279\u5b9a\u6b77\u53f2\u689d\u4ef6\u5236\u7d04\u7684\u96e3\u984c\u3002\u7e3d\u62ec\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u77e5\u8b58\u5206\u5b50\u5728\u4ed6\u773c\u4e2d\u662f\u5fb9\u5e95\u5730\u793e\u6703\u6027\u7684\uff0c\u662f\u56e0\u61c9\u500b\u4eba\u8eab\u8655\u60c5\u6cc1\u53ca\u5176\u76f8\u5c0d\u8ddd\u96e2\u53bb\u4f01\u5716\u6539\u8b8a\u65e2\u5b58\u793e\u6703\u6b0a\u529b\u95dc\u4fc2\u7684\u4e00\u7fa4\u3002\u6211\u5011\u8981\u554f\u7684\u662f\u9999\u6e2f\u7684\u6587\u5b78\uff0f\u6587\u5316\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u662f\u600e\u6a23\u7684\u300c\u77e5\u8b58\u5206\u5b50\u300d\u5462\uff1f<\/p>\n
\u8a8d\u540c\u8207\u53cd\u601d<\/p>\n
\u6587\u5316\u7814\u7a76\u6c92\u6709\u751a\u9ebc\u5b8c\u7f8e\u7684\u5b78\u79d1\u65b9\u6cd5\u548c\u7cfb\u7d71\u3002\u9019\u9580\u65b0\u8208\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u7bc4\u7587\u548c\u6559\u5b78\u69cb\u601d\u5728\u5f62\u6210\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5be6\u969b\u4e0a\u9047\u5230\u6975\u591a\u7684\u963b\u529b\u8207\u5236\u8098\u3002\u800c\u5b78\u8853\u6a5f\u69cb\u7684\u73fe\u884c\u908f\u8f2f\u3001\u8ad6\u8ff0\u548c\u5be6\u8e10\uff0c\u4f5c\u70ba\u73fe\u5b58\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u90e8\u4efd\uff0c\u662f\u88ab\u751f\u7522\u51fa\u4f86\u3001\u66f4\u9762\u81e8\u91cd\u91cd\u6311\u6230\u8207\u518d\u751f\u7522\u7684\u77e5\u8b58\u69cb\u9020\u7684\u5efa\u5236\uff0c\u4ea6\u540c\u6642\u662f\u518d\u751f\u7522\u5176\u4ed6\uff08\u6587\u5316\uff09\u5efa\u5236\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u90e8\u4efd\u3002<\/p>\n
\u518d\u751f\u7522\u5b78\u8853\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e4b\u4e00\u662f\u628a\u7d93\u9a57\u5206\u9580\u5225\u985e\uff0c\u518d\u61c9\u7528\u5404\u5b78\u79d1\u7684\u5c08\u9580\u77e5\u8b58\u53bb\u78ba\u7acb\u7406\u8ad6\uff0c\u800c\u5f97\u51fa\u4f86\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\uff0c\u53c8\u518d\u6b21\u6210\u70ba\u9032\u884c\u5f8c\u8a2d\u7d93\u9a57\u5206\u985e\u7684\u6307\u6a19\u3002\u6587\u5316\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u91cd\u9ede\u662f\u5c0d\u65e2\u5b58\u5236\u5ea6\u63d0\u51fa\u4e3b\u52d5\u7684\u8cea\u7591\uff0c\u800c\u4f5c\u70ba\u4e00\u500b\u8de8\u5b78\u79d1\u7684\u8ad6\u8ff0\u7a7a\u9593\uff0c\u5b83\u63d0\u5021\u7684\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u300c\u53cd\u601d\u300d\u7684\u7cbe\u795e\u3002\u5728\u5b78\u9662\u88e1\u6210\u7acb\u6709\u95dc\u6587\u5316\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u8a08\u5283\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u7576\u7136\u62b1\u6709\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u4f5c\u70ba\u6587\u5b78\u3001\u6587\u5316\u696d\u9918\u300c\u767c\u71d2\u53cb\u300d\u7684\u4fe1\u5ff5\uff0c\u95dc\u61f7\u548c\u5805\u6301\uff0c\u8981\u5728\u7a2e\u7a2e\u73fe\u5b58\u7684\u9ad4\u5236\u9650\u5236\u4e2d\u722d\u53d6\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3001\u8cc7\u6e90\u548c\u5408\u6cd5\u6027\uff0c\u4f86\u767c\u5c55\u53ca\u63a8\u52d5\u6709\u5229\u672c\u571f\u6587\u5316\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\u8ad6\u8ff0\u3002\u4f46\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u53c8\u9762\u5c0d\u8457\u88ab\u300c\u5efa\u5236\u5316\u300d\u7684\u77db\u76fe\uff1a\u65e2\u7136\u7121\u6cd5\u812b\u96e2\u9ad4\u5236\u800c\u7368\u7acb\uff0c\u6587\u5316\u7814\u7a76\u4fbf\u9806\u7406\u6210\u7ae0\u5730\u88ab\u5283\u5b9a\u70ba\u4e00\u9580\u65b0\u7684\u4e0d\u5927\u6210\u5b78\u79d1\u7684\u5b78\u79d1\uff0c\u800c\u63a5\u8e35\u800c\u4f86\u7684\u4fbf\u662f\u754c\u5b9a\u5b78\u8853\u7bc4\u7587\u3001\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u6cd5\u7b49\u7b49\u7684\u9ad4\u5236\u6027\u8981\u6c42\u3002\u9019\u4e9b\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u5728\u67d0\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u662f\u6211\u5011\u5e0c\u671b\u80fd\u5920\u907f\u514d\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u53c8\u5fc5\u9808\u9762\u5c0d\u548c\u89e3\u6c7a\u7684\u3002\u7576\u4eca\u6587\u5b78\u548c\u6587\u5316\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u8981\u4e0d\u65b7\u7684\u78cb\u5546\u53ca\u59a5\u5354\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u722d\u53d6\u5230\u5be6\u8e10\u7684\u7a7a\u9593\uff0c\u4f46\u6211\u5011\u53c8\u600e\u6a23\u78ba\u4fdd\u9019\u4e9b\u7d93\u904e\u300c\u5354\u5546\u300d\u800c\u7372\u5f97\u7684\u8ad6\u8ff0\u7a7a\u9593\u53ca\u5b78\u8853\u8cc7\u6e90\uff0c\u8207\u6211\u5011\u6e34\u671b\u5f97\u5230\u53ca\u9032\u884c\u7684\u6279\u5224\u7406\u5ff5\uff08\u5118\u7ba1\u90a3\u5df2\u7d93\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u300c\u5927\u6587\u5316\u300d\u7684\u7406\u60f3\uff09\uff0c\u4e0d\u81f3\u6709\u592a\u5927\u7684\u8ddd\u96e2\uff1f<\/p>\n
\u5728\u300a\u6587\u5316\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u672a\u4f86\u300b\u6587\u88e1\uff0c\u5a01\u5ec9\u58eb\u8ad6\u53ca\u985e\u4f3c\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\u3002\u4ed6\u4ee5\u82f1\u570b\u7684\u6210\u4eba\u6559\u80b2\u70ba\u4f8b\uff0c\u8aaa\u660e\u5b78\u9662\u88e1\u7684\u77e5\u8b58\u5206\u5b50\u6709\u8cac\u4efb\u628a\u5927\u5b78\u88e1\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\u8207\u73fe\u5be6\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u7684\u7d93\u9a57\u4e0d\u65b7\u9032\u884c\u8faf\u8b49\u5354\u5546\u548c\u300c\u767c\u63ee\u300d\u3002\u516c\u958b\u5927\u5b78\u88e1\u7684\u5b78\u751f\u6703\u5411\u5c0e\u5e2b\u63d0\u554f\uff1a\u300c\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u8aaa\u9019\u500b\u554f\u984c\u4e26\u4e0d\u5c6c\u4f60\u9019\u9580\u5b78\u79d1\u7684\u8a0e\u8ad6\u7bc4\u7587\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u597d\u7f77\uff0c\u8acb\u4f60\u7d66\u6211\u4ecb\u7d39\u90a3\u4e9b\u53ef\u4ee5\u8655\u7406\u9019\u500b\u554f\u984c\u7684\u5c08\u5bb6\uff0c\u8981\u4e0d\u7136\u7684\u8a71\uff0c\u5c31\u8acb\u4f60\u81ea\u5df1\u8d70\u51fa\u5b78\u79d1\u7684\u7bc4\u7587\uff0c\u53bb\u5c0b\u627e\u61c9\u4ed8\u7684\u8fa6\u6cd5\u3002\u300dWilliams 1989\uff1a157\uff09\u6211\u5011\u9700\u8981\u7684\u4e5f\u8a31\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u5168\u65b0\u7684\u5b78\u79d1\uff08\u8001\u5be6\u8aaa\uff0c\u9019\u4e26\u975e\u81f3\u70ba\u91cd\u8981\uff09\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u4ea6\u975e\u53ea\u60f3\u7d50\u96c6\u806f\u7e6b\u5404\u500b\u73fe\u5b58\u7684\u5b78\u79d1\u4f86\u9032\u884c\u6279\u5224\u6027\u7684\u5b78\u8853\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u6211\u5011\u5e0c\u671b\u505a\u5230\u7684\uff0c\u662f\u6253\u7834\u65e2\u6709\u5b78\u79d1\u7684\u7262\u56fa\u6846\u6846\uff0c\u628a\u77e5\u8b58\u7406\u5ff5\u5efa\u57fa\u65bc\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u6587\u5316\u7d93\u9a57\u548c\u73fe\u5be6\u77db\u76fe\u4e4b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5c0b\u6c42\u4e86\u89e3\u53ca\u6539\u8b8a\u73fe\u5be6\u77e5\u8b58\u53ca\u8ad6\u8ff0\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ca\u9014\u5f91\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5a01\u5ec9\u58eb\u4e5f\u4e0d\u65b7\u63d0\u5230\u9019\u7a2e\u77db\u76fe\u7684\u56f0\u96e3\u3002\u4ed6\u8aaa\u300c\u7c60\u7d71\u5730\u8aaa\uff0c\uff08\u6587\u5316\u7814\u7a76\uff09\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u900f\u904e\u77e5\u8b58\u9032\u884c\u7684\u5206\u6790\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u8981\u6539\u8b8a\u793e\u6703\u4e0a\u67d0\u4e9b\u5be6\u969b\u767c\u5c55\u7684\u65b9\u5411\u3002\u4f46\u5728\u672c\u5730\u3001\u5728\u5b78\u9662\u88e1\uff0c\u6e90\u81ea\u56db\u65b9\u516b\u9762\u7684\u58d3\u529b\u5728\u767c\u5c55\u7684\u65e9\u671f\u5be6\u5728\u5e36\u4f86\u4e86\u4e0d\u5c11\u7684\u8f49\u8b8a\u3002\u9019\u4e9b\u58d3\u529b\u4f86\u81ea\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u5b78\u6599\u3001\u5176\u4ed6\u76f8\u95dc\uff08\u6709\u5229\u76ca\u885d\u7a81\uff09\u7684\u90e8\u9580\uff0c\u8981\u754c\u5b9a\u9019\u500b\u5b78\u79d1\uff0c\u8b49\u660e\u5176\u91cd\u8981\u6027\uff0c\u5f70\u986f\u5176\u7a4d\u6975\u7684\u4e00\u9762\uff0c\u9019\u4e00\u9023\u4e32\u7684\u58d3\u529b\u8207\u539f\u4f86\u8a08\u5283\u7684\u5b97\u65e8\u537b\u525b\u597d\u76f8\u53cd\u2026\u2026\u3002\u300d\u6587\u5316\u7814\u7a76\u88ab\u754c\u5b9a\u70ba\u300c\u5a92\u4ecb\u5b78\u3001\u7fa4\u9ad4\u793e\u6703\u5b78\u3001\u901a\u4fd7\u5c0f\u8aaa\u6216\u6d41\u884c\u97f3\u6a02\u300d\uff0c\u5a01\u5ec9\u58eb\u8a8d\u70ba\u9019\u90fd\u662f\u88fd\u9020\u51fa\u4f86\u7684\u5b78\u8853\u7bc4\u7587\u300c\u64cb\u7bad\u724c\u300d\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u8981\u61c9\u4ed8\u7684\u771f\u6b63\u554f\u984c\u662f\uff1a\u600e\u6a23\u5728\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\u6642\u7a7a\u53ca\u653f\u6cbb\u73fe\u5be6\u88e1\u627e\u51fa\u9019\u500b\u8a08\u5283\u8207\u5176\u5f62\u6210\u904e\u7a0b\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u8faf\u8b49\u95dc\u4fc2(Williams 1989\uff1a158\uff09\u3002\u73fe\u5be6\u7684\u5efa\u5236\u95dc\u4fc2\u7121\u6642\u7121\u523b\u90fd\u5728\u6539\u8b8a\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6587\u5316\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u5b78\u79d1\u7bc4\u570d\uff08\u5982\u679c\u5fc5\u9808\u8981\u8a02\u51fa\u7bc4\u570d\u7684\u8a71\uff09\u4e00\u5b9a\u8981\u5305\u62ec\u5b83\u4f5c\u70ba\u4e00\u500b\u5b58\u5728\u65bc\u5b78\u8853\u9ad4\u5236\u6216\u4efb\u4f55\u5176\u4ed6\u5708\u5b50\u88e1\u7684\u53ef\u898b\uff08\u5373\u53ef\u5efa\u5236\u5316\u7684\uff09\u8ab2\u984c\uff0c\u52a9\u9577\u5176\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u56e0\u7d20\u4ee5\u53ca\u52a0\u8af8\u5176\u8eab\u4e0a\u7684\u9650\u5236\u3002\u9664\u6b64\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u7576\u7136\u4fbf\u662f\u793e\u6703\u4e0a\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u5236\u5ea6\u5c0d\u6587\u5316\uff08\u7576\u7136\u4e5f\u5305\u62ec\u6587\u5b78\uff09\u7684\u5f62\u6210\u6240\u7522\u751f\u7684\u591a\u91cd\u5f71\u97ff\u3002<\/p>\n
\u8b93\u6211\u5011\u628a\u4ee5\u4e0a\u6240\u63d0\u7684\u653e\u5728\u4e00\u4e9b\u8af8\u5982\u4e5d\u5341\u5e74\u4ee3\u9999\u6e2f\u4e2d\u6587\u5927\u5b78\u8a2d\u7acb\u7684\u300a\u9999\u6e2f\u6587\u5316\u7814\u7a76\u8a08\u5283\u300b\u4f86\u4f5c\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u7684\u8a0e\u8ad6\u3002\u9019\u500b\u8a08\u5283\u5617\u8a66\u900f\u904e\u641c\u96c6\u3001\u6574\u7406\u3001\u5206\u6790\u53ca\u7814\u8a0e\u9999\u6e2f\u7684\u6587\u5316\u7522\u7269\uff08\u4e5f\u662f\u6b77\u53f2\u7522\u54c1\uff09\u4f86\u91cd\u65b0\u5efa\u69cb\u672c\u5730\u7684\u6587\u5316\u6b77\u53f2\u53ca\u6587\u5316\u8eab\u5206\uff0c\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u63a8\u52d5\u6709\u95cb\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8207\u8a0e\u8ad6\uff0c\u4ea6\u5e0c\u671b\u85c9\u6b64\u80fd\u5920\u767c\u73fe\u4e00\u500b\u5c6c\u65bc\u9019\u500b\u793e\u6703\u7684\u6279\u8a55\u8072\u97f3\u3002\u7576\u7136\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u8a08\u5283\u80fd\u5920\u5728\u5b78\u9662\u88e1\u722d\u53d6\u5230\u4e00\u9ede\u7a7a\u9593\uff0c\u78ba\u5be6\u4ee3\u8868\u4e86\u300c\u5efa\u5236\u300d\u5c0d\u65bc\u9700\u8981\u7814\u7a76\u300c\u9999\u6e2f\u300d\u7684\u4e00\u9ede\u8a8d\u540c\uff0c\u4f46\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5fc5\u9808\u77ad\u89e3\u9019\u4e9b\u300c\u8a8d\u540c\u300d\u7684\u754c\u9650\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u300c\u88ab\u8a8d\u540c\u300d\u4e4b\u5f8c\u6240\u8981\u61c9\u4ed8\u7684\u7a2e\u7a2e\u9650\u5236\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4e00\u756a\u53cd\u601d\u4e0b\uff0c\u4f3c\u4e4e\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u554f\u984c\u4e0d\u662f\u300c\u6211\u5011\u8981\u7814\u7a76\u751a\u9ebc\u300d\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u300c\u6211\u5011\u7ad9\u5728\u54ea\u500b\u4f4d\u7f6e\u4e0a\uff1f\u300d\u6587\u5316\u7814\u7a76\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u9580\u80fd\u5920\u5fb9\u5e95\u62bd\u96e2\u7684\u5b78\u79d1\uff0c\u5b83\u65e2\u7136\u5efa\u57fa\u65bc\u300c\u6587\u5316\u5373\u793e\u6703\u5be6\u8e10\u300d\u7684\u4fe1\u5ff5\u4e0a\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u5fc5\u7136\u727d\u6d89\u5230\u6211\u5011\u4f5c\u70ba\u6587\u5316\u5de5\u4f5c\u8005\uff08\u5728\u6b64\u5305\u62ec\u6211\u5011\u7684\u5b78\u8005\u8eab\u5206\uff09\u7684\u300c\u5b9a\u4f4d\u300d\u554f\u984c\u3002\u9019\u500b\u5b9a\u4f4d\u5c31\u662f\u5a01\u5ec9\u58eb\u6240\u8aaa\u7684\u300c\u6295\u5165\u300d\u548c\u300c\u627f\u64d4\u300d\u7684\u601d\u7d22\u3002\u5982\u679c\u77e5\u8b58\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u662f\u56e0\u61c9\u500b\u4eba\u8eab\u8655\u60c5\u6cc1\u53ca\u5176\u76f8\u5c0d\u8ddd\u96e2\u53bb\u4f01\u5716\u6539\u8b8a\u65e2\u5b58\u793e\u6703\u6b0a\u529b\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\uff0c\u90a3\u672b\u4eca\u5929\u6211\u60f3\u554f\u4e00\u554f\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u53c8\u5617\u8a66\u6539\u8b8a\u4e9b\u751a\u9ebc\uff1f<\/p>\n
\u4eca\u5929\uff0c\u5728\u5f8c\u73fe\u4ee3\u5c08\u696d\u4e3b\u7fa9\u6a6b\u884c\u7684\u8108\u7d61\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5728\u5dba\u5357\u5927\u5b78\u8981\u5be9\u8b70\u535a\u96c5\u6559\u80b2\u8a72\u8d70\u8def\u5411\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u78ba\u5be6\u7f3a\u5c11\u4e00\u7a2e\u6839\u672c\u6027\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\u6279\u5224\u610f\u8b58\uff0c\u85c9\u4ee5\u7406\u89e3\u6211\u5011\u8eab\u8655\u7684\u9f90\u5927\u77e5\u8b58\u518d\u751f\u7522\u9ad4\u5236\uff0c\u5f9e\u800c\u53bb\u63a2\u7d22\u6211\u5011\u5728\u6587\u5316\u8b8a\u9769\u4e2d\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002<\/p>\n
\u70ba\u4e86\u9577\u671f\u767c\u5c55\u8d77\u898b\uff0c\u6587\u5316\u7814\u7a76\u5b78\u8005\u78ba\u5be6\u61c9\u8a72\u4e0d\u65b7\u589e\u52a0\u5404\u7a2e\u5404\u6a23\u7684\u5408\u4f5c\u9805\u76ee\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u5b78\u79d1\u4ee5\u81f3\u5c08\u696d\u80cc\u666f\u7684\u540c\u4e8b\u5728\u5404\u81ea\u5c08\u79d1\u9818\u57df\u7684\u908a\u754c\u5167\u548c\u908a\u754c\u4ea4\u53c9\u8655\u505a\u8457\u76f8\u4f3c\u6027\u8cea\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u548c\u5617\u8a66\u3002\u9019\u61c9\u7576\u5728\u6700\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u4fc3\u4f7f\u5927\u5b78\u4f5c\u70ba\u793e\u5340\u8207\u65e5\u6f38\u8b8a\u9769\u7684\u6587\u5316\u9663\u71df\u76f8\u4e92\u5f71\u97ff\u3001\u6539\u9032\uff0c\u5f9e\u800c\u978f\u56fa\u5b78\u8005\u793e\u7fa4\u7684\u57fa\u790e\uff0c\u8b93\u5b78\u8005\u5011\u66f4\u80fd\u5920\u5728\u8207\u77e5\u8b58\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u591a\u5143\u5408\u4f5c\u4e2d\u958b\u5c55\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u6279\u8a55\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u4f5c\u70ba\u300c\u7d42\u8eab\u5c08\u5bb6\u300d\uff08tenured specialists\uff09\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u90fd\u5341\u5206\u6e05\u695a\u81ea\u8eab\u5728\u5b78\u79d1\u4e0a\u7684\u5b64\u7acb\u72c0\u6cc1\uff1b\u4f5c\u70ba\u6559\u80b2\u8005\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5f88\u5c11\u61f7\u7591\u5230\uff0c\u7576\u9019\u7a2e\u7570\u5316\u72c0\u614b\u6210\u70ba\u77e5\u8b58\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u689d\u4ef6\u6642\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u518d\u628a\u5b83\u50b3\u6388\u7d66\u5b78\u751f\u662f\u5426\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u500b\u8b93\u4eba\u8ff7\u60d1\u7684\u554f\u984c\uff08Damrosch 1995\uff1a6-7\uff0c10\uff0c110\uff09\uff1f<\/p>\n
\u8ac7\u5230\u77e5\u8b58\u5206\u5b50\u4e8b\u696d\u7684\u4e16\u4fd7\u5316\uff0c\u85a9\u4f0a\u5fb7\u4e00\u76f4\u5728\u8ffd\u554f\u300c\u500b\u4eba\u600e\u6a23\u8a34\u8aaa\u771f\u7406\uff1f\u70ba\u4e86\u8ab0\u548c\u5c45\u4f55\u8655\u8a34\u8aaa\u771f\u7406\uff1f\u300d\u73fe\u5728\uff0c\u70ba\u4e86\u6211\u5011\u5728\u5ee2\u589f\u4e0a\u9084\u80fd\u5920\u554f\u81ea\u5df2\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u518d\u671f\u671b\u5728\u50b3\u7d71\u7684\u610f\u7fa9\u4e0a\u518d\u60f3\u300c\u4eba\u6587\u300d\uff0c\u800c\u5fc5\u9700\u8981\u7d50\u5408\u5168\u7403\u6027\u9738\u6b0a\u529b\u91cf\u7684\u8907\u96dc\u6027\u4f86\u91cd\u65b0\u770b\u5f85\u300c\u771f\u7406\u300d\u3002\u6587\u5316\u7814\u7a76\u4f5c\u70ba\u4e00\u500b\u5d84\u65b0\u7684\u8de8\u5b78\u79d1\u8a08\u5283\uff0c\u5c0d\u7406\u89e3\u5927\u5b78\u7684\u77e5\u6027\u751f\u6d3b\u6240\u9700\u7684\u591a\u91cd\u8996\u89d2\u7684\u767c\u5c55\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u7a2e\u958b\u653e\u6027\u7684\u57fa\u790e\u3002\u4f5c\u70ba\u4e00\u500b\u5f62\u6210\u8207\u7de0\u7d50\u8de8\u5b78\u79d1\u793e\u7fa4\u7684\u96c6\u9ad4\u9032\u7a0b\uff0c\u5b83\u5c07\u81ea\u7136\u800c\u7136\u5730\u5728\u4eca\u5f8c\u4e0d\u65b7\u6539\u8b8a\u7684\u5168\u7403\u6587\u5316\u7d93\u6fdf\u7684\u74b0\u5883\u4e2d\u88ab\u91cd\u65b0\u60f3\u50cf\u548c\u5efa\u69cb\u3002<\/p>\n
\u7c21\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u6559\u80b2\u898f\u5283\u7684\u4e00\u9805\u5f31\u5c0f\uff08\u800c\u975e\u5049\u5927\uff09\u7684\u6587\u5316\u76ee\u6a19\u4fbf\u662f\uff0c\u7576\u4eca\u4e16\u754c\uff0c\u70ba\u5927\u5bb6\u5728\u6b64\u5f8c\u73fe\u4ee3\u570b\u5ea6\u4e2d\u7814\u7a76\u5168\u7403\u6587\u5316\u60f3\u50cf\u3001\u793e\u6703\u9ad4\u5236\u548c\u6587\u5316\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u500b\u53e6\u985e\u7126\u9ede\u3002\u5728\u5730\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u7684\u82e5\u5e72\u898f\u5283\u5c07\u628a\u9999\u6e2f\u4f5c\u70ba\u5177\u9ad4\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u9032\u884c\u6279\u8a55\u6027\u7684\u6587\u5316\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u9084\u4f01\u5716\u8b93\u5b78\u79d1\u8a2d\u65bd\u7684\u91cd\u7d44\u4ee5\u5728\u5730\u7684\u529b\u91cf\u63a8\u52d5\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6587\u5316\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u767c\u5c55\u3002\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u5a01\u8105\u4e5f\u8a31\u4e0d\u662f\u4f5c\u70ba\u5b78\u79d1\u7db2\u7d61\u7684\u6587\u5316\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5047\u300c\u5353\u8d8a\u300d\u4e4b\u540d\u56c2\u5f35\u904b\u884c\u7684\u5b98\u50da\u9ad4\u5236\u7db2\u7d61\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u85a9\u4f0a\u5fb7\u6240\u8aaa\uff0c\u300c\u8eab\u70ba\u5341\u8db3\u7684\u696d\u9918\u8005\uff0c\u6211\u53d7\u5230\u5404\u5f0f\u5404\u6a23\u7684\uff08\u793e\u6703\uff09\u627f\u64d4\u7684\u6fc0\u52f5\uff0c\u8981\u8de8\u8d8a\u81ea\u5df1\u72f9\u7a84\u7684\u8077\u696d\u751f\u6daf\u300d\uff08Said 1994\uff1a88\uff09\u3002\u7acb\u8eab\u5ee2\u589f\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u4e0d\u61c9\u8a72\u628a\u5b78\u79d1\u50c5\u50c5\u8996\u70ba\u57f9\u990a\u5b78\u751f\u4e4b\u7528\uff08Damrosch 1995\uff1a14 \uff09\uff0c\u9084\u61c9\u628a\u300c\u6587\u5316\u300d\u64ec\u60f3\u70ba\u4e00\u500b\u7522\u751f\u5c0d\u8a71\u3001\u7570\u8b70\u548c\u6b67\u8b70\u7684\u5834\u6240\u3002<\/p>\n
\u610f\u8b58\u5230\u9839\u6557\u7684\u5927\u5b78\u5176\u5be6\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u8907\u96dc\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\u6027\u6a5f\u69cb\u5f8c\uff0c\u8b93\u6211\u5011\u56de\u904e\u982d\u4f86\u601d\u8003\u4e00\u4e0b\uff0c\u7f6e\u8eab\u65bc\u4e0d\u80fd\u61f7\u820a\u3001\u4e0d\u80fd\u6d41\u4fd7\u7684\u5ee2\u589f\u610f\u5473\u8457\u751a\u9ebc\uff1f\u5c0d\u6211\u5011\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u6700\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u554f\u984c\u5c31\u662f\u8a66\u5716\u5728\u6a19\u8a18\u70ba\u300c\u6587\u5316\u7814\u7a76\u300d\u7684\u6771\u897f\u4e0a\u91cd\u65b0\u6295\u5165\u610f\u7fa9\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u300c\u6587\u5316\u7814\u7a76\u300d\u6240\u5728\u7684\u5b78\u8853\u9ad4\u5236\u672a\u5fc5\u4ee5\u6587\u5316\u7406\u5ff5\u70ba\u767c\u5c55\u4e4b\u672c\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u8ffd\u6c42\u5353\u8d8a\u9019\u9762\u5049\u5927\u65d7\u5e5f\u4e0b\u840e\u7e2e\u3002\u6211\u500b\u4eba\u7684\u50be\u5411\u662f\u671d\u8457\u9019\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u524d\u8d70\uff0c\u751a\u800c\u671d\u8457\u53cd\u5b78\u79d1\u4e4b\u8def\u800c\u884c\uff0c\u5805\u6301\u51b7\u9177\u7684\u3001\u8d85\u9053\u5fb7\u7684\u7acb\u5834\u2014\u2014\u65e2\u7f6e\u8eab\u5ee2\u589f\uff0c\u4fbf\u4e0d\u601d\u904e\u5f80\uff0c\u66f4\u4e0d\u62b1\u5e0c\u671b\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5982\u679c\u8aaa\u4eca\u5929\u7684\u5927\u5b78\u518d\u4e5f\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u91cd\u65b0\u70ba\u6587\u5316\u6ce8\u5165\u4e3b\u5c0e\u6027\u7406\u5ff5\uff0c\u4e5f\u8a31\u6211\u5011\u4ecd\u6709\u6a5f\u6703\u627e\u5230\u4e00\u500b\u8b8a\u901a\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\uff0c\u900f\u904e\u5177\u9ad4\u7684\u79d1\u969b\u6e9d\u901a\u548c\u5408\u4f5c\uff0c\u53bb\u5c0b\u627e\u6216\u532f\u5408\u4e9b\u89c0\u9ede\u3001\u4e00\u4e9b\u76f8\u7570\u7684\u8072\u97f3\uff0c\u53bb\u6293\u4f4f\u6587\u5316\u5728\u73fe\u4e16\u7684\u516c\u5171\u8868\u8ff0\u5f62\u5f0f\u548c\u6559\u80b2\u65b9\u6848\u3002\u96d6\u7136\uff0c\u5728\u6211\u5011\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u9ad4\u73fe\u6587\u5316\u50f9\u503c\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u50f9\u503c\u7cfb\u7d71\u7686\u5fc5\u56f0\u96e3\u91cd\u91cd\uff0c\u4f46\u4e5f\u8a31\u7559\u7d66\u6559\u80b2\u8005\u7684\u9078\u64c7\u662f\u53bb\u60f3\u50cf\u6587\u5316\u7684\u5275\u9020\u6027\u56de\u6b78\u3002\u5c0f\u800c\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u70ba\u4e00\u500b\u5b78\u8005\u4e2d\u793e\u7fa4\u7684\u5927\u5b78\u53bb\u5236\u5b9a\u4e00\u500b\u6709\u610f\u7fa9\u7684\u8a08\u5283\u3002\u800c\u5047\u5982\u6587\u5316\u7814\u7a76\u4f9d\u7136\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u5176\u4e2d\u626e\u6f14\u4e00\u9ede\u89d2\u8272\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5c31\u6709\u5fc5\u8981\u8a66\u5716\u5f04\u6e05\u695a\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u89d2\u8272\u662f\u4e00\u9580\u5b78\u79d1\uff0c\u4e00\u7a2e\u50ac\u5316\u5291\uff0c\u4e00\u4f4d\u5c0d\u8a71\u8005\u9084\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u5c0f\u4e11\u3002<\/p>\n
\u7bc0\u9304\u4e4b\u53c3\u8003\u66f8\u76ee
\nChomsky, Noam (1969)
\nThe Responsibility of Intellectuals,
\nin his American Power and the New Mandarins, New York : Pantheon.<\/p>\n
Damrosch, David (1995)
\nWe Scholars: Changing the Culture of the University
\nCambridge, Mass. & London: Harvard University Press.<\/p>\n
Readings, Bill (1995)
\n“The University without Culture”
\nNew Literary History 26(3) : 456-92
\n(1996)
\nThe University in Ruins
\nCambridge, Mass. & London : Harvard University Press.<\/p>\n
Williams, Raymond(1981)
\nCulture
\nLondon : Fontana.
\n(1989)
\n“The Future of Cultural Studies”
\nIn the Politics of Modernism, ed. T. Pinkney. London : Verso.<\/p>\n
Said, Edward (1990)
\n“Narrative, Geography and Interpretation”
\nNew Left Review 1\/180 : 81-97
\n(1994)
\nRepresentations of the Intellectual
\nNew York: Random House.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
\u539f\u520a\u65bc\u300aE+E\u300bvolume 6, spring\/summer 2003 \u73fe\u4ee3\u7684\u5927\u5b78\u5df2\u7d93\u4ee5\u4ee4\u4eba\u5fc3\u5bd2\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u767c\u5c55\u5230 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/cusp.hk\/cu40\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/29"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/cusp.hk\/cu40\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/cusp.hk\/cu40\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cusp.hk\/cu40\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cusp.hk\/cu40\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=29"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/cusp.hk\/cu40\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/29\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/cusp.hk\/cu40\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=29"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cusp.hk\/cu40\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=29"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cusp.hk\/cu40\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=29"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}