{"id":1008,"date":"2009-04-12T21:44:59","date_gmt":"2009-04-12T01:03:44","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/cusp.hk\/wordpress\/?p=1008"},"modified":"2009-04-12T22:42:17","modified_gmt":"2009-04-12T01:04:42","slug":"%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%EF%B8%B3%E3%80%90%E7%85%99%E7%A8%85%E5%85%A9%E8%AB%96%E3%80%91%E5%8A%A0%E7%85%99%E7%A8%85%E4%BD%9C%E7%82%BA%E4%B8%80%E7%A8%AE%E6%9A%B4%E6%94%BF%E2%94%80%E2%94%80%E9%87%8D%E8%AE%80%E","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cusp.hk\/?p=1008","title":{"rendered":"\u793e\u6703\ufe33\u3010\u7159\u7a05\u5169\u8ad6\u3011\u52a0\u7159\u7a05\u4f5c\u70ba\u4e00\u7a2e\u66b4\u653f\u2500\u2500\u91cd\u8b80\u300a\u8ad6\u81ea\u7531\u300b"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

 <\/span>\u52a0\u7159\u7a05\u4f5c\u70ba\u4e00\u7a2e\u66b4\u653f——\u91cd\u8b80\u300a\u8ad6\u81ea\u7531\u300b<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u6587\uff1a\u8983\u4fca\u57fa<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n

\u5e8f\u8a00\uff1a\u88ab\u5ffd\u7565\u7684\u66b4\u653f<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u7684\u78ba\u5f88\u96e3\u60f3\u50cf\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f9e\u7406\u8ad6\u66f8\u672c\u4e2d\u770b\u5230\u5c0d\u73fe\u5be6\u5982\u6b64\u6e96\u78ba\u7684\u63cf\u5beb\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u8fd1\u65e5\u7159\u8349\u7a05\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff0c\u5728\u57ce\u4e2d\u727d\u8d77\u4e86\u4e00\u5834\u4e0d\u5c11\u7684\u98a8\u6ce2\u3002\u6700\u70ba\u4eba\u8ac7\u8ad6\u7684\uff0c\u81ea\u7136\u662f\u52a0\u7159\u4e0d\u52a0\u9152\u3002\u7159\u7a05\u8207\u9152\u7a05\u7684\u6975\u5927\u53cd\u5dee\uff0c\u7121\u7591\u6700\u6613\u4f7f\u4eba\u611f\u5230\u7fa9\u61a4\u3002\u7121\u8ad6\u5f9e\u90a3\u65b9\u9762\u770b\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u7d50\u5408\u7d93\u6fdf\u8207\u968e\u7d1a\u7684\u4e0d\u516c\uff08\u8a73\u898b\u53e6\u6587\uff09\uff0c\u90fd\u6700\u6613\u5e36\u8d77\u666e\u901a\u5e02\u6c11\u7684\u611f\u53d7\u3002\u67d0\u4e9b——\u5176\u5be6\u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u500b——\u653f\u9ee8\u5982\u793e\u6c11\u9023\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u57f7\u8457\u9019\u4e00\u500b\u89c0\u9ede\u53bb\u885d\u64ca\u9019\u4ef6\u4e8b\u3002\u4f46\u5373\u4f7f\u5c07\u554f\u984c\u7531\u50f9\u683c\u63d0\u6607\u81f3\u968e\u7d1a\uff0c\u4e5f\u9060\u9060\u6c92\u6709\u8aaa\u660e\u554f\u984c\u7684\u6574\u9ad4\u5716\u50cf\u3002\u5047\u7136\u4f8b\u5b50\u8aaa\u660e\uff1a\u5373\u4f7f\u9152\u7a05\u4e5f\u540c\u6a23\u7684\u52a0\u90a3\u9ebc\u591a\uff0c\u662f\u6b21\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u8209\u52d5\uff0c\u4f9d\u7136\u662f\u5fb9\u982d\u5fb9\u5c3e\u7684\u66b4\u653f\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u9019\u56b4\u91cd\u5e72\u6d89\u5e02\u6c11\u9078\u64c7\u751f\u6d3b\u65b9\u5f0f\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n

\u591a\u6578\u4eba\u7684\u58d3\u8feb<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u5341\u4e5d\u4e16\u7d00\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u7fa9\u54f2\u5b78\u5bb6\u5f4c\u723e\uff08John Stuart Mill<\/span>\uff09\u5728\u5176\u8457\u4f5c\u300a\u8ad6\u81ea\u7531\u300b\u4e4b\u4e2d\uff0c\u63d0\u5230\u73fe\u4ee3\u6c11\u4e3b\u570b\u5bb6\u6700\u8feb\u5207\u9762\u5c0d\u7684\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u50b3\u7d71\u610f\u7fa9\u4e0b\u6b0a\u5a01\uff08Authority<\/span>\uff09\u5c0d\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u58d3\u8feb\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u6c11\u773e\u4e4b\u9593\uff0c\u5927\u591a\u6578\u5c0d\u5c0f\u6578\u500b\u4eba\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u903c\u8feb\u3002\u5957\u7528\u6258\u514b\u7dad\u723e\u7684\u8aaa\u6cd5\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u6240\u8b02\u300c\u591a\u6578\u4eba\u7684\u66b4\u653f\u300d\uff08Tyranny of the major¬ity<\/span>\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u5957\u7528\u5f4c\u723e\u7684\u8aaa\u6cd5\uff0c\u591a\u6578\u4eba\u7684\u66b4\u653f\u662f\u6700\u70ba\u53ef\u754f\u7684\u3002\u56e0\u70ba\u6c92\u6709\u751a\u9ebc\u6bd4\u591a\u6578\u7684\u7fa4\u773e\u4f86\u5f97\u5f37\u5927\uff0c\u4ea6\u6c92\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u76e3\u63a7\u53ef\u4ee5\u6bd4\u591a\u6578\u4eba\u4f86\u5f97\u66f4\u4ed4\u7d30\u5fb9\u5e95\uff1a<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Like other tyrannies-; the tyranny of the majority was at first-; and is still vulgarly-; held in dread\uff0c chiefly as operating through the acts of the public authorities.[…] It practises a social tyranny more formidable than many kinds of political oppression-; since\uff0c though not usually upheld by such ex¬treme penalties-; it leaves fewer means of escape\uff0c penetrat¬ing much more deeply into the details of life\uff0c and enslaving the soul itself.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u800c\u9019\u7a2e\u591a\u6578\u4eba\u7684\u58d3\u8feb\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u6211\u5011\u6700\u5bb9\u6613\u8fa8\u8b58\u7684\u66b4\u529b\u3002\u6700\u5e38\u898b\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u4ee5\u5c11\u6578\u4eba\u7684\u5e78\u798f\u4e4b\u540d\uff0c\u4f5c\u51fa\u640d\u5bb3\u5176\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u8209\u52d5\u3002\u300c\u4e0d\u8981\u600e\u9ebc\u600e\u9ebc……\u9019\u6a23\u662f\u5c0d\u4f60\u597d\u4e00\u4e9b\u300d\u5c31\u662f\u9019\u7a2e\u5bb6\u9577\u5f0f\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u7cbe\u9ad3\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u9019\u7a2e\u70ba\u5225\u4eba\u597d\u80cc\u5f8c\u7684\u7406\u7531\u662f\u5982\u6b64\u7684\u81ea\u7136\uff0c\u5982\u6b64\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u5c31\u7d93\u5e38\u63a9\u84cb\u4e86\u5b83\u90a3\u56b4\u91cd\u5e72\u9810\u5225\u4eba\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u672c\u8cea\u3002\u6216\u662f\u5957\u7528\u5f4c\u723e\u7684\u8aaa\u6cd5\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u884c\u70ba\u5c31\u662f\u5f37\u5c07\u5c11\u6578\u5225\u4eba\u7684\u5dee\u7570\u8207\u5927\u591a\u6578\u4eba\u540c\u5316\u7684\u884c\u70ba\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u884c\u70ba\u662f\u8207\u634d\u885b\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u6211\u5011\u6240\u4e0d\u80fd\u5141\u8a31\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5c24\u5176\u8981\u63d0\u9632\u7684\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6211\u5011\u771f\u7684\u652f\u6301\u6240\u8b02\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u8a71\uff0c\u5c31\u610f\u5473\u6211\u5011\u652f\u6301\u5dee\u7570\u8207\u7368\u7279\u500b\u6027\u7684\u767c\u5c55\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u5728\u4e00\u500b\u4eba\u7684\u884c\u70ba\u771f\u6b63\u50b7\u5bb3\u4ed6\u4eba\u7684\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u624d\u80fd\u4ee5\u7a2e\u7a2e\u624b\u6bb5\u76f4\u63a5\u4ecb\u5165\u3002\u5728\u5176\u9918\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u8aaa\u670d\u4ed6\u5011\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e72\u9810\uff1a<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

He cannot rightfully be compelled to do or forbear be¬cause it will be better for him to do so-; because it will make him happier-; because\uff0c in the opinions of others-; to do so would be wise\uff0c or even right. These are good rea¬sons for remonstrating with him-; or reasoning with him-; or persuading him-; or entreating him-; but not for compel¬ling him-; or visiting him with any evil-; in case he do other¬wise.[…] In the part which merely concerns himself-; his independence is-; of right-; absolute. Over himself-; over his own body and mind\uff0c the individual is sovereign.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u9019\u7a2e\u81ea\u7531\u89c0\u7684\u7406\u7531\u6709\u5f88\u591a\uff0c\u7531\u65bc\u7bc7\u5e45\u6240\u9650\uff0c\u6211\u53ea\u80fd\u82e5\u7565\u7684\u6982\u8ff0\u3002\u6700\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u4eba\u600e\u6a23\u7372\u5f97\u5e78\u798f\uff0c\u6700\u4f73\u7684\u5224\u65b7\u8005\u9084\u662f\u90a3\u4e00\u500b\u4eba\u672c\u8eab\u3002\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6027\u683c\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u611b\u597d\uff0c\u9084\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5fd7\u5411\uff1b\u540c\u6a23\u7684\u6771\u897f\uff0c\u540c\u6a23\u7684\u9078\u64c7\uff0c\u5c0d\u4e0d\u540c\u4eba\u4f86\u8aaa\u5c31\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u611f\u53d7\u3002\u751a\u9ebc\u5c0d\u4e00\u500b\u6700\u597d\uff0c\u5927\u90e8\u4efd\u6642\u9593\u90fd\u53ea\u6709\u662f\u90a3\u500b\u4eba\u624d\u771f\u6b63\u77e5\u9053\u3002\u4ea6\u552f\u6709\u8b93\u500b\u4eba\u81ea\u7531\u9078\u64c7\uff0c\u4eba\u624d\u80fd\u767c\u5c55\u51fa\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u500b\u6027\uff0c\u4ee5\u81f4\u9078\u64c7\u5408\u9069\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u7a2e\u7a2e\u800c\u9081\u5411\u5e78\u798f\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u81f3\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u660e\u767d\uff0c\u7576\u5c40\u4ee5\u5065\u5eb7\u4e4b\u540d\u4f5c\u70ba\u52a0\u7a05\u7684\u7406\u7531\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u7684\u7ad9\u4e0d\u4f4f\u8173\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6487\u9664\u4e8c\u624b\u7159\u7684\u554f\u984c\uff08\u53ea\u662f\u5728\u6b64\u800c\u5df2\uff0c\u53cd\u6b63\u5728\u662f\u6b21\u52a0\u7a05\u4e0a\uff0c\u66fe\u4fca\u83ef\u4ee5\u53ca\u76f8\u95dc\u4eba\u7b49\u4ea6\u5f9e\u4f86\u6c92\u6709\u63d0\u51fa\u9019\u500b\u5411\u5ea6\uff09\uff0c\u4ee5\u7159\u6c11\u5065\u5eb7\u70ba\u7531\u52a0\u7a05\uff0c\u5be6\u662f\u5e72\u9810\u4e86\u500b\u4eba\u5982\u4f55\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u3002\u800c\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u4ea6\u4e0d\u96e3\u5165\u5f4c\u723e\u7684\u6846\u67b6\u89e3\u91cb\u3002\u5438\u7159\u7684\u78ba\u662f\u6709\u5bb3\u5065\u5eb7\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u4e0d\u722d\u7684\u4e8b\u5be6\u3002\u4f46\u5438\u7159\u4ea6\u7121\u53ef\u5426\u8a8d\u5730\u6709\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u76ca\u8655\uff08\u63d0\u795e\uff0c\u96c6\u4e2d\u7cbe\u795e\uff0c\u6e1b\u58d3\uff0c\u4eab\u53d7……\u9918\u4e0d\u4e00\u4e00\uff09\u3002\u5728\u9019\u4e9b\u56e0\u7d20\u4e4b\u9593\u5982\u4f55\u5e73\u8861\uff0c\u90a3\u60df\u6709\u6bcf\u500b\u4eba\u81ea\u5df1\u6700\u6e05\u695a\u3002\u8a31\u591a\u751a\u9ebc\u91ab\u5b78\u754c\u7684\u4eba\u51fa\u4f86\u8aaa\u4e0d\u61c9\u8a72\u5438\u7159\uff0c\u6839\u672c\u5c31\u662f\u8352\u5929\u4e0b\u4e4b\u5927\u8b2c——\u4f60\u662f\u8981\u544a\u8a34\u6211\u5438\u7159\u5c0d\u5065\u5eb7\u6709\u751a\u9ebc\u5f71\u97ff——\u90a3\u662f\u4f60\u7684\u5c08\u696d——\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u4ee3\u66ff\u6211\u5224\u65b7\u61c9\u8a72\u600e\u9ebc\u53d6\u6368\u600e\u9ebc\u751f\u6d3b\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u8aaa\u5be6\u5728\u7684\uff0c\u9019\u300c\u5065\u5eb7\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u5207\u300d\u5f0f\u7684\u8aaa\u6cd5\u5be6\u5728\u76f8\u7576\u5f0a\u8173\u3002\u6211\u5011\u6bcf\u5929\u90fd\u5728\u4f5c\u4e0d\u5065\u5eb7\u7684\u6d3b\u52d5\u5427\uff1f\u559d\u5496\u5561\u3001\u7761\u5f97\u5c11\uff0c\u5403\u714e\u70b8\u6771\u897f\uff0c\u591a\u8089\u5c11\u83dc\u559d\u6c7d\u6c34……\u9577\u671f\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u7fd2\u6163\u5c0d\u5065\u5eb7\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u4e5f\u4e0d\u898b\u5f97\u600e\u9ebc\u4f4e\u3002\u90a3\u9ebc\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u653f\u5e9c\u8aaa\u7981\u5496\u5561\u6216\u662f\u7981\u6c7d\u6c34\uff0c\u5927\u5bb6\u53c8\u89ba\u5f97\u5408\u7406\u55ce\uff1f\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u53c8\u70ba\u751a\u9ebc\u5462\uff1f<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n

\u4ee5\u52a0\u7a05\u4f5c\u70ba\u624b\u6bb5<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u6709\u4eba\u6703\u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u662f\u6b21\u300c\u4e0d\u904e\u300d\u662f\u52a0\u7a05\u800c\u5df2\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u5168\u9762\u7981\u5236\u3002\u7159\u6c11\u9084\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u9078\u64c7\u62bd\u7159\u7684\u3002\u5728\u9019\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5f4c\u723e\u4ea6\u6709\u8a0e\u8ad6\uff1a<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

To tax stimulants for the sole purpose of making them more difficult to be obtained\uff0c is a measure differing only in degree from their entire prohibition; […] Every increase of cost is a prohibition-; to those whose means do not come up to the augmented price; and to those who do-; it is a penalty laid on them for gratifying a particular taste. <\/span><\/p>\n

\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u52d5\u6a5f\uff0c\u6839\u672c\u5c31\u5982\u5f4c\u723e\u6240\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\uff1a\u300c\u7d14\u7cb9\u70ba\u4e86\u8b93\u4eba\u66f4\u96e3\u53d6\u5f97\u300d\u3002\u800c\u9019\u5f9e\u672c\u8cea\u4e0a\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u8207\u76f4\u63a5\u7981\u5236\u4e26\u7121\u5206\u5225\u3002\u62bd\u4e0d\u8d77\u7684\u5c31\u771f\u7684\u88ab\u9593\u63a5\u7981\u5236\u4e86\uff0c\u62bd\u5f97\u8d77\u7684\u4e5f\u50cf\u662f\u7121\u7aef\u627f\u53d7\u4e00\u7b46\u7f70\u6b3e\u4f3c\u7684\u3002\u7121\u8ad6\u600e\u6a23\uff0c\u9019\u5c0d\u7159\u6c11\u90fd\u662f\u4e0d\u516c\u5e73\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u800c\u6240\u8b02\u300c\u5354\u52a9\u6212\u7159\u300d\u7684\u8aaa\u6cd5\u5c31\u66f4\u662f\u96e2\u8b5c\u3002\u5148\u4e0d\u8aaa\u6709\u591a\u5c11\u4eba\u662f\u771f\u5fc3\u5e0c\u671b\u6212\u7159\uff0c\u5c31\u7b97\u662f\u6709\u5f88\u591a\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u56e0\u70ba\u9019\u6a23\u5c31\u52a0\u7159\u7a05——\u9019\u7a2e\u505a\u6cd5\u5c0d\u4e0d\u5e0c\u671b\u6212\u7159\u7684\u4eba\u4f86\u8aaa\u662f\u6975\u4e0d\u516c\u5e73\u7684\uff1a\u96e3\u9053\u6709\u4eba\u8aaa\u5e0c\u671b\u52e4\u529b\u4e00\u9ede\uff0c\u653f\u5e9c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u53d6\u66ff\u5404\u9805\u5a1b\u6a02\u4e8b\u696d\u4ee5\u81f3\u96fb\u8996\u55ce\uff1f\u540c\u6a23\u7684\u908f\u8f2f\u4ea6\u53ef\u7528\u4f5c\u53cd\u99c1\u300c\u8b93\u672a\u6210\u5e74\u7159\u6c11\u8cb7\u4e0d\u5230\u7159\/<\/span>\u6212\u7159\u300d\u7684\u8ad6\u8abf\u3002\u5982\u6b64\u9019\u822c\u8aaa\u6cd5\uff0c\u6210\u4eba\u8272\u60c5\u520a\u7269\u53c8\u53ef\u4ee5\u5927\u5e45\u52a0\u50f9\u4e86\u5427\uff1f\u516d\u5408\u5f69\u53c8\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e09\u767e\u868a\u4e00\u6ce8\u55ce\uff1f\u70ba\u751a\u9ebc\u4e0d\u662f\u61c9\u8a72\u52a0\u5f37\u6559\u80b2\uff0c\u9084\u6709\u8a8d\u771f\u6aa2\u63a7\u672a\u6210\u5e74\u7684\u9999\u7159\u552e\u8ce3\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u8981\u4ee5\u7159\u6c11\u7684\u798f\u5740\u4f5c\u72a7\u7272\u5462\uff1f\u6b78\u6839\u7d50\u5e95\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u8ad6\u64da\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u8a8d\u53ef\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ea\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u6211\u5011\u5f9e\u4e0d\u89ba\u5f97\u9700\u8981\u516c\u5e73\u5c0d\u5f85\u5438\u7159\u8005\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n

\u7d50\u8a9e\uff1a\u517c\u8ad6\u653f\u9ee8<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

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\u540c\u6a23\u7684\u8aaa\u8a71\u6211\u53ef\u4ee5\u56de\u9001\u7d66\u67d0\u4e9b\u4ee5\u6c11\u4e3b\u3001\u516c\u6c11\u5440\u70ba\u540d\u7684\u653f\u9ee8\u3002\u6789\u8cbb\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u9ee8\u540d\uff0c\u4ea6\u6789\u8cbb\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u5b78\u8b58\u8207\u5c08\u696d\uff0c\u5c45\u7136\u9023\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u8ad6\u8abf\u4e5f\u662f\u6beb\u7121\u8a8d\u8b58\u3002\u95dc\u65bc\u6c11\u4e3b\u81ea\u7531\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u666e\u9078\uff0c\u4f60\u5011\u9084\u61c2\u8ac7\u751a\u9ebc\u7684\u5462\uff1f\u96e3\u9053\u5c0a\u91cd\u6bcf\u500b\u5e02\u6c11\u7684\u81ea\u7531\uff0c\u8207\u5c0a\u91cd\u5f31\u52e2\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u6307\u5c0a\u91cd\u4f60\u5011\u6240\u8a8d\u53ef\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u7fd2\u6163\u8207\u5f31\u52e2\u55ce\uff1f\u90a3\u9ebc\uff0c\u4f5c\u70ba\u4f60\u5011\u6240\u4e0d\u8a8d\u53ef\u7684\u6211\uff0c\u5be6\u5728\u5c0d\u4f60\u5011\u9019\u7a2e\u5982\u6b64\u865b\u5047\u7684\u6c11\u4e3b\u81ea\u7531\u6c92\u751a\u8208\u8da3\u4e86\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n

\u5099\u8a3b\uff1a<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u4ee5\u4e0a\u300a\u8ad6\u81ea\u7531\u300b\u7684\u7ae0\u7bc0\uff0c\u53ef\u53c3\u7167<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

http:\/\/ebooks.adelaide.edu.au\/m\/mill\/john_stuart\/m645o\/<\/span><\/p>\n

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