\u6587\uff1a\u5c24\u91cc\u5b89\uff0e\u694a
\n\uff08\u539f\u8f09\u65bc\u300a\u4e2d\u5927\u5b78\u751f\u5831\u300b2007\u5e749\u6708\u865f\uff09<\/p>\n
\u4e0b\u5c64\u5efa\u7bc9\u6c7a\u5b9a\u4e0a\u5c64\u5efa\u7bc9\uff0c\u5728\u9ad8\u7b49\u5b78\u5e9c\u7684\u751f\u6daf\u4ea6\u5f97\u9760\u91d1\u9322\u652f\u6490\u3002\u65b0\u5b78\u5e74\u4f0a\u59cb\uff0c\u6e96\u5099\u7533\u8acb\u5c08\u4e0a\u5b78\u751f\u8cc7\u52a9\u8a08\u5283\u7684\u540c\u5b78\u591a\u4e0d\u52dd\u6578\uff0c\u5404\u5927\u9280\u884c\u5411\u540c\u5b78\u62db\u624b\u7684\u4fe1\u7528\u5361\u5ee3\u544a\u4e5f\u6d36\u6e67\u4f86\u8972\u3002\u5927\u5b78\u5b78\u8cbb\u4e0d\u83f2\uff0c\u5c31\u7b97\u7121\u9a5a\u7121\u96aa\u5728\u4e09\u5e74\u5167\u6e96\u6642\u7562\u696d\uff0c\u6240\u9700\u91d1\u984d\u4e5f\u63a5\u8fd1\u5341\u4e09\u842c\u5143\uff0c2012\u5e74\u843d\u5be6\u4e09\u4e09\u56db\u6559\u6539\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u56db\u5e74\u5236\u5927\u5b78\u8ab2\u7a0b\u7684\u5b78\u8cbb\u66f4\u8d85\u8d8a\u5341\u4e03\u842c\u5143\u4e4b\u8b5c\u3002\u82e5\u518d\u5c07\u98f2\u98df\u8cbb\u3001\u4ea4\u901a\u8cbb\u3001\u4f4f\u5bbf\u8cbb\u7b49\u7b49\u96dc\u9805\u8a08\u7b97\u5728\u5167\uff0c\u5927\u5b78\u751f\u6daf\u7121\u7591\u5c6c\u65bc\u5962\u4f88\u54c1\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u4eba\u4eba\u8ca0\u64d4\u5f97\u8d77\u3002\u63db\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u8981\u5c08\u4e0a\u6559\u80b2\u9019\u7a2e\u5962\u4f88\u54c1\u5f97\u4ee5\u666e\u53ca\uff0c\u8b93\u5927\u5b78\u5b78\u984d\u4ee5\u81f3\u7684\u526f\u5b78\u58eb\u3001\u9ad8\u7d1a\u6587\u6191\u8ab2\u7a0b\u5927\u5e45\u64f4\u5145\uff0c\u4f5c\u70ba\u53ca\u6642\u96e8\u7684\u8cb8\u6b3e\u4e43\u5fc5\u4e0d\u53ef\u5c11\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5c0d\u8cb8\u6b3e\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u65e5\u6f38\u9ad8\u6f32\uff0c\u5b78\u751f\u8cc7\u52a9\u8fa6\u4e8b\u8655\u537b\u4e0d\u898b\u5f97\u56e0\u6b64\u624b\u9b06\u4e86\u3002\u773e\u6240\u9031\u77e5\uff0c\u5b78\u751f\u8cc7\u52a9\u8fa6\u4e8b\u8655\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u5c08\u4e0a\u5b78\u751f\u8cb8\u6b3e\u5206\u70ba\u5169\u7a2e\uff1a\u4e00\u662f\u300c\u7d93\u5165\u606f\u5be9\u67e5\u52a9\u5b78\u91d1\u6216\u8cb8\u6b3e\u300d\uff08\u4fd7\u7a31grant loan\uff09\uff0c\u5229\u7387\u70ba2.5\u5398\uff1b\u4e8c\u662f\u300c\u514d\u5165\u606f\u5be9\u67e5\u8cb8\u6b3e\u300d\uff08\u4fd7\u7a31non-mean\uff09\uff0c\u5229\u7387\u8207\u9280\u884c\u540c\u696d\u62c6\u606f\u7b49\u540c\uff0c\u8fd1\u5e74\u70ba6\u81f37\u5398\u5de6\u53f3\u3002\u554f\u984c\u662f\uff0cgrant loan\u7684\u5be9\u67e5\u65e5\u8da8\u82db\u523b\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u7533\u8acb\u540c\u5b78\u5448\u4ea4\u5927\u91cf\u7e41\u7463\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u518d\u52a0\u4e0a\u5176\u4e0d\u5408\u7406\u7684\u7533\u8acb\u689d\u4ef6\uff0c\u5927\u6709\u903c\u4f7f\u540c\u5b78\u7533\u8acb\u9ad8\u606fnon-mean\u4e4b\u52e2\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u5c07\u4ed6\u5011\u8d95\u9032\u7531\u5404\u5927\u91d1\u878d\u96c6\u5718\u64cd\u63a7\u7684\u79c1\u71df\u8cb8\u6b3e\u5e02\u5834\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5728\u8cb8\u6b3e\u4e4b\u7db2\u4e0b\uff0c\u8b80\u5927\u5b78\u9084\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u57fa\u5c64\u9752\u5e74\u6649\u8eab\u4e2d\u7522\u7684\u968e\u68af\uff1f\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u5169\u500b\u6709\u8840\u6709\u8089\u7684\u8ca0\u50b5\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u4e14\u8b93\u6211\u5011\u770b\u770b\u5728\u795e\u7ae5\u5347\u5b78\u7684\u5149\u8f1d\u50b3\u8aaa\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u5927\u5b78\u9084\u6709\u5982\u4f55\u9670\u6697\u7684\u4e00\u9762\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5eff\u4e00\u4e16\u7d00\u653e\u6578\u7db2\u7d61\uff1a\u8a2a\u501f\u8cb8\u5927\u5b78\u751f<\/p>\n
\u4e00\u4eba\u4e00\u53e5<\/p>\n
\u300c\u4e4b\u524d\u6211\u6bcf\u5b63\u90fd\u8981\u9084\u516d\u5343\u5e7e\u868agrant loan\u3002\u300d
\n\uff08\u99ae\u540c\u5b78\uff0c2002\u5e74\u7562\u696d\uff0c\u7562\u696d\u5f8c\u5728\u975e\u653f\u5e9c\u7d44\u7e54\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u6708\u51655000\u5143\uff09<\/p>\n
\u300c\u9023\u5e7e\u5341\u868a\u9280\u884c\u8f49\u5e33\u90fd\u8981\u6211\u4ea4\u55ae\u8b49\u660e\uff0c\u908a\u5ea6\u6435\u5f97\u8fd4\uff1fGrant loan\u7533\u8acb\u624b\u7e8c\u641e\u5230\u4e00\u534a\uff0c\u6211\u90fd\u7169\u5230\u5be7\u9858\u5514\u641e\u3002\u300d
\n\uff08\u9ec3\u540c\u5b78\uff0c\u653f\u653f\u7cfb\u4e8c\u5e74\u7d1a\uff09<\/p>\n
\u300c\u6211\u6897\u4fc2mean\u540cnon-mean\u90fd\u501f\u5566\uff0c\u5514\u99db\u751f\u6d3b\u8cbb\u5440\uff1f\u9280\u884c\u77e5\u4f60\u501f\u5de6non-mean\uff0c\u4f60\u4e00\u7562\u696d\u4f62\u5c31\u6253\u96fb\u8a71\u554f\u4f60\u501f\u5514\u501f\u4e5c\u4e5c\u5275\u696d\u8cb8\u6b3e\uff0c\u6210\u516d\u5341\u842c\u501f\u7540\u4f60\uff0c\u7528\u4f62\u54aa\u9084\u6e05non-mean\u7b46\u6578\u56c9\u3002\u300d
\n\uff08R\u540c\u5b78\uff0c\u56db\u5e74\u7d1a\uff09<\/p>\n
\u633a\u5728\u57ce\u5927\u5538\u5275\u610f\u5a92\u9ad4\uff0c\u4eca\u5e74\u662f\u4e09\u5e74\u7d1a\u3002\u9084\u8a18\u5f97\u5e7e\u500b\u6708\u524d\u898b\u9762\u7684\u6642\u5019\u6b63\u503c\u4e8c\u5e74\u7d1a\u5b78\u671f\u672b\uff0c\u4ed6\u70ba\u4e86\u4e00\u4efd\u4f86\u4e0d\u53ca\u4ea4\u7d66\u6559\u6388\u8a55\u5206\u7684\u529f\u8ab2\u547c\u5929\u6436\u5730\uff0c\u751f\u4eba\u52ff\u8fd1\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5c11\u4ea4\u4e00\u4efd\u8ad6\u6587\u5169\u4efd\u5831\u544a\u6709\u751a\u9ebc\u6240\u8b02\uff1f\u4e0d\u5408\u683c\u5927\u4e0d\u4e86\u91cd\u4fee\u2014\u2014\u6216\u8a31\u4e00\u4e9b\u5927\u5b78\u751f\u6703\u9019\u6a23\u60f3\uff0c\u4f46\u5c0d\u65bc\u5bb6\u88e1\u6b20\u50b5\u4e8c\u767e\u842c\u7684\u633a\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u842c\u4e00\u660e\u5e74\u4ed6\u4e0d\u5408\u683c\u7684\u90a3\u4e00\u79d1\u4e0d\u958b\u73ed\uff0c\u8981\u591a\u8b80\u4e00\u5e74\u5927\u5b78\u7684\u8a71\uff0c\u90a3\u7d55\u5c0d\u4e0d\u662f\u4ed6\u6240\u80fd\u627f\u64d4\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n
\u6b20\u50b5\u4e8c\u767e\u842c\uff0c\u518d\u600e\u9ebc\u8aaa\u4e5f\u5408\u8cc7\u683c\u7533\u8acbgrant loan\u6551\u71c3\u7709\u4e4b\u6025\u5427\uff1f\u53ef\u662f\u73fe\u5be6\u7684\u8352\u8b2c\u5df2\u8d85\u4e4e\u5e38\u7406\u60f3\u50cf\u3002\u300c\u963f\u7238\u963f\u5abd\u6b20\u7684\u662f\u8857\u6578\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u9280\u884c\u6578\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u7b97\u9032\u53bb\u3002\u300d\u633a\u5f9e\u571f\u74dc\u7063\u524d\u5f80\u4e5d\u9f8d\u5858\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4e58\u8eca\uff0c\u5728\u70c8\u65e5\u4e0b\u908a\u8d70\u908a\u8aaa\uff1a\u300c\u505a\u751f\u610f\u7684\uff0c\u7e3d\u5f97\u7559\u4e9b\u56fa\u5b9a\u8cc7\u7522\uff0c\u7d50\u679c\u5c31\u8d85\u904egrant loan\u7684\u8cc7\u7522\u984d\u4e0a\u9650\u4e86\u3002\u300d<\/p>\n
\u633a\u7684\u6bcd\u89aa\u6bcf\u5929\u5f9e\u9577\u6c99\u7063\u7684\u6279\u767c\u8655\u8cb7\u4e9b\u8863\u670d\uff0c\u518d\u904b\u5f80\u5317\u6cb3\u8857\u8857\u5e02\u64fa\u6524\u3002\u6240\u8b02\u7684\u300c\u56fa\u5b9a\u8cc7\u7522\u300d\u7a76\u7adf\u6709\u751a\u9ebc\u6771\u897f\uff0c\u4e0d\u96e3\u731c\u60f3\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5f9e\u524d\u5bb6\u88e1\u505a\u7684\u751f\u610f\u53ef\u4e0d\u662f\u9019\u7a2e\u829d\u9ebb\u7da0\u8c46\u898f\u6a21\uff0c\u7121\u5948\u751f\u610f\u5931\u6557\uff0c\u53ea\u5269\u4e00\u8eab\u50b5\u3002\u7533\u8acbgrant loan\u4e0d\u6210\uff0c\u786c\u8457\u982d\u76ae\u7533\u8acbnon-mean\uff0c\u53c8\u6dfb\u4e00\u7b46\u50b5\u3002<\/p>\n
\u6691\u5047\u91cd\u9047\uff0c\u53ea\u898b\u633a\u4e00\u8eab\u5ec9\u50f9\u6ce2\u886b\u77ed\u8932\u88dd\u626e\uff0c\u8c8c\u4f3c\u4e00\u822c\u9752\u5e74\uff0c\u8eab\u4e0a\u537b\u591a\u4e86\u597d\u5e7e\u8655\u6ce5\u7070\uff0c\u8932\u982d\u7684\u6263\u5b50\u9084\u7a7f\u4e0a\u4e86\u81a0\u7d22\u5e36\uff0c\u7528\u4f86\u639b\u87ba\u7d72\u6279\u3002\u539f\u4f86\u4ed6\u73fe\u5728\u65bc\u5730\u76e4\u6253\u5de5\uff0c\u8216\u8a2d\u4e0a\u7db2\u7684LAN\u7dda\uff0c\u65e5\u85aa\u4e09\u767e\u3002<\/p>\n
\u300cNon-mean\u4e0d\u540cgrant loan\uff0c\u96d6\u7136\u5b83\u4e5f\u662f\u7562\u696d\u5f8c\u624d\u8981\u4f60\u9084\u9322\uff0c\u4f46grant loan\u7684\u5229\u606f\u5728\u4f60\u7562\u696d\u4e4b\u5f8c\u624d\u8a08\u7b97\uff0c non-mean\u537b\u5f9e\u501f\u9322\u90a3\u4e00\u5929\u8d77\u5c31\u958b\u59cb\u8d77\u91d8\u3002\u300d\u633a\u4e0d\u9867\u53e3\u4e7e\uff0c\u8d8a\u8aaa\u8d8a\u6295\u5165\uff1a\u300c\u5047\u5982\u6211\u7562\u696d\u4e4b\u5f8c\u4e0d\u80fd\u99ac\u4e0a\u627e\u5230\u5de5\u4f5c\u9084\u9322\uff0c\u80af\u5b9a\u4ec6\u8857\u3002\u5927\u5b78\u7562\u696d\u751f\u73fe\u5728\u5230\u8655\u90fd\u662f\uff0c\u751a\u9ebc\u6280\u80fd\u90fd\u6c92\u6709\uff0c\u80fd\u505a\u751a\u9ebc\uff1f\u300d<\/p>\n
\u5982\u662f\u8005\uff0c\u633a\u6b63\u8003\u616e\u4e00\u9762\u8b80\u66f8\uff0c\u4e00\u9762\u5f9e\u5b78\u5f92\u505a\u5230\u53d6\u5f97\u5e2b\u5085\u8cc7\u683c\uff0c\u8996\u505a\u5efa\u7bc9\u5de5\u4eba\u70ba\u5f8c\u5099\u51fa\u8def\u3002\u4e8c\u5341\u5e74\u524d\uff0c\u5927\u5b78\u7562\u696d\u751f\u6216\u8a31\u6703\u601d\u91cf\u5982\u4f55\u53d6\u5f97\u7f8e\u570b\u7684\u7da0\u5361\uff1b\u4e8c\u5341\u5e74\u5f8c\uff0c\u773c\u524d\u9019\u500b\u5927\u5b78\u751f\u537b\u6253\u7b97\u8003\u53d6\u5efa\u9020\u696d\u8a13\u7df4\u5c40\u7684\u7da0\u5361\u3002<\/p>\n
\u6216\u8a31\u633a\u9084\u7b97\u662f\u5e78\u904b\u7684\uff0c\u81f3\u5c11\u4ed6\u4e0d\u7528\u4ed8\u9322\u990a\u5bb6\uff0c\u53ea\u9808\u61c9\u4ed8\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u958b\u652f\u3002\u9019\u4e9b\u751f\u6d3b\u958b\u652f\uff0c\u633a\u90fd\u9760\u81ea\u5df1\u8cfa\u9322\u6490\u4e0b\u53bb\uff0c\u7533\u8acb\u4fe1\u7528\u5361\u501f\u8cb8\u7684\u8a71\u53ea\u6703\u50b5\u4e0a\u6dfb\u50b5\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u4ed6\u81ea\u5df1\u4e0d\u7528\u4fe1\u7528\u5361\uff0c\u4ed6\u4ecd\u7136\u6709\u4e00\u5361\u5728\u8eab\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u6b20\u4e0b\u4e94\u5343\u591a\u5143\u5361\u6578\u3002<\/p>\n
\u300c\u5bb6\u88e1\u66fe\u6709\u4e00\u6bb5\u6642\u9593\u8981\u8457\u8349\u9003\u907f\u50b5\u4e3b\uff0c\u8981\u9322\u61c9\u6025\uff0c\u5c31\u7528\u6211\u7684\u540d\u7fa9\u7533\u8acb\u4e00\u5f35\u4fe1\u7528\u5361\u501f\u9322\u3002\u300d\u5118\u7ba1\u8981\u81ea\u884c\u9084\u6b3e\uff0c\u633a\u9084\u662f\u6cf0\u7136\u81ea\u82e5\uff0c\u7562\u7adf\u8f03\u8af8\u4e8c\u767e\u842c\u6b20\u50b5\u548c\u5341\u591a\u842c\u5b78\u8cbb\uff0c\u4e94\u5343\u5143\u7684\u78ba\u7b97\u4e0d\u4e0a\u4e00\u56de\u4e8b\u3002<\/p>\n
\uff0a\uff0a\uff0a\uff0a\uff0a<\/p>\n
\u6b20\u4e0b\u5de8\u6b3e\uff0c\u4e0b\u4e00\u6b65\u4e5f\u8a31\u5c31\u662f\u7834\u7522\u3002\u5200\u4ed4\u5c31\u8b80\u6a39\u4ec1\u6b77\u53f2\u7cfb\uff0c\u96a8\u8457\u6a39\u4ec1\u5347\u683c\u70ba\u5927\u5b78\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e5f\u5347\u4e0a\u4e86\u4e8c\u5e74\u7d1a\u3002\u4e5d\u5341\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u9999\u6e2f\u6a13\u5e02\u98a8\u8d77\u96f2\u6e67\uff0c\u5200\u4ed4\u7236\u6bcd\u6368\u8eab\u7092\u6a13\uff0c\u7d50\u679c\u7126\u982d\u721b\u984d\uff0c\u7834\u7522\u544a\u7d42\u3002<\/p>\n
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\u5e7e\u7d93\u8f49\u6298\uff0c\u56de\u9996\u5df2\u662f\u767e\u5e74\u8eab\u3002\u9577\u5f97\u4e00\u526f\u5a03\u5a03\u81c9\uff0c\u500b\u5b50\u53c8\u4e0d\u9ad8\uff0c\u5200\u4ed4\u986f\u5f97\u5f88\u5e74\u8f15\uff0c\u5be6\u969b\u4e0a\u537b\u5feb\u523025\u6b72\u4e86\u300225\u6b72\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u5206\u6c34\u5dba\uff0c\u7686\u56e0grant loan\u7533\u8acb\u4eba\u5fc5\u9808\u662f\u300c25\u6b72\u6216\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7684\u672c\u5730\u5b78\u751f\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n
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\u7576\u4f60\u8d70\u9032\u5b78\u751f\u4e8b\u52d9\u8655\u62ff\u53d6grant loan\u7533\u8acb\u8868\uff0c\u8e0f\u51fa\u8303\u514b\u5ec9\u6a13\u9580\u5916\u53c8\u767c\u73fe\u6e38\u8aaa\u4f60\u7533\u8acb\u4fe1\u7528\u5361\u7684\u6524\u4f4d\uff0c\u8acb\u4e0d\u8981\u89ba\u5f97\u5947\u602a\u3002Grant loan\u548c\u4fe1\u7528\u5361\uff0c\u653f\u5e9c\u548c\u5546\u5bb6\uff0c\u672c\u4f86\u5c31\u662f\u5171\u751f\u95dc\u4fc2\u3002<\/p>\n
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Ivan Illich\u5728Deschooling Society\u4e00\u66f8\u76f4\u6307\u5b78\u6821\u6559\u80b2\u4e0d\u662f\u6280\u8853\u6280\u80fd\u7684\u57fa\u790e\uff0c\u4ee5\u5b78\u6b77\u8a55\u5b9a\u6bcf\u500b\u4eba\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u6536\u5165\u662f\u4e0d\u5408\u7406\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u9650\u5236\u5b78\u6b77\u4f4e\u8005\u9032\u5165\u67d0\u4e9b\u5be6\u969b\u4e0a\u4f5c\u7372\u53d6\u6280\u80fd\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u7be9\u9078\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u6b67\u8996\uff0c\u61c9\u4e88\u5ee2\u6b62\u3002\u9999\u6e2f\u65e2\u6709\u7684\u56db\u3001\u4e94\u5341\u6b72\u4e2d\u7522\u4eba\u58eb\u7d93\u6b77\u6559\u80b2\u666e\u53ca\u8207\u7d93\u6fdf\u8d77\u98db\u540c\u6b65\u4e26\u884c\u7684\u6642\u4ee3\uff0c\u6df1\u4fe1\u300c\u8b80\u66f8 = \u4e0a\u4f4d\u300d\u9019\u689d\u516c\u5f0f\u3002Illich\u7684\u89c0\u9ede\u8207\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u4fe1\u5ff5\u53ef\u8b02\u80cc\u9053\u800c\u99b3\u3002\u53ef\u662f\uff0c\u7576\u4e0a\u8ff0\u516c\u5f0f\u4e0d\u518d\u6210\u7acb\uff0c\u9019\u4e5f\u8a31\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u597d\u6a5f\u6703\uff0c\u8b93\u6211\u5011\u91cd\u65b0\u53cd\u601d\u5728\u91d1\u9322\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u8b80\u5927\u5b78\u7a76\u7adf\u662f\u70ba\u4e86\u751a\u9ebc\uff1b\u7528\u5b78\u6b77\u6c7a\u5b9a\u6240\u5f97\u5206\u914d\u7684\u793e\u6703\uff0c\u53c8\u662f\u5426\u5408\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n
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