\u539f\u8f09\u65bc\u300a\u4e2d\u5927\u5b78\u751f\u5831\u300b2007 \u5e74 9 \u6708\u865f<\/p>\n
\u6587\uff1a\u5c24\u91cc\u5b89<\/p>\n
\u5982\u679c\u8b80\u5927\u5b78\u5f80\u5f80\u62db\u4f86\u9245\u984d\u50b5\u52d9\uff0c\u96e3\u4ee5\u6e05\u511f\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u6211\u5011\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u636b\u5fc3\u81ea\u554f\uff1a\u5018\u82e5\u4e0d\u662f\u5b58\u5fc3\u81ea\u8a0e\u82e6\u5403\uff0c\u6211\u70ba\u751a\u9ebc\u8981\u8b80\u5927\u5b78\uff1f<\/p>\n
\u5927\u5c0f\u795e\u8a71<\/strong><\/p>\n \u5c0d\u65bc\u9019\u500b\u300c\u70ba\u751a\u9ebc\u300d\uff0c\u6b77\u4f86\u6709\u5169\u500b\u795e\u8a71\u63d0\u4f9b\u7b54\u6848\uff0c\u4e00\u500b\u662f\u5c0f\u6211\u7684\u795e\u8a71\uff0c\u4e00\u500b\u662f\u5927\u6211\u7684\u795e\u8a71\u3002<\/p>\n \u5c0f\u6211\u7684\u795e\u8a71\u544a\u8a34\u4f60\uff0c\u8b80\u66f8\u5347\u5b78\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u500b\u4eba\u6295\u8cc7\uff0c\u4ee5\u4eca\u5929\u7684\u5c0f\u8ca1\u535a\u53d6\u660e\u5929\u7684\u5927\u8ca1\uff0c\u82b1\u5341\u591a\u842c\u8cb7\u4e00\u500b\u5b78\u4f4d\u56de\u4f86\uff0c\u7562\u696d\u5f8c\u7acb\u5373\u9ad8\u85aa\u539a\u797f\u5c07\u5b78\u8cbb\u9023\u672c\u5e36\u5229\u8cfa\u56de\u4f86\u3002<\/p>\n \u771f\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u6295\u8cc7\u55ce\uff1f\u6211\u5011\u9078\u79d1\u7684\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u5fc3\u7406\u5c0d\u67d0\u5927\u5b78\u67d0\u5b78\u4f4d\u67d0\u8ab2\u7a0b\u7684\u56de\u5831\u7387\uff0c\u771f\u7684\u6709\u500b\u8b5c\u55ce\uff1f\u7e31\u662f\u90a3\u4e9b\u4f3c\u4e4e\u6709\u300c\u516c\u50f9\u300d\u53ef\u8a00\u7684\u6240\u8b02\u5c08\u696d\u5b78\u79d1\uff0c\u4ea6\u5145\u6eff\u4e0d\u78ba\u5b9a\u6027\uff1a\u5728\u4e00\u7b46\u904e\u64a5\u6b3e\u4e0b\uff0c\u6e96\u793e\u5de5\u96a8\u6642\u540c\u5de5\u4e0d\u540c\u916c\uff1b\u5728\u7e2e\u73ed\u6bba\u6821\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u6e96\u6559\u5e2b\u96a8\u6642\u8981\u6e96\u5099\u8f49\u884c\u3002\u4ee5\u52d5\u6a5f\u8ad6\u4e4b\uff0c\u5165\u5b78\u524d\u672a\u66fe\u628a\u56de\u5831\u653e\u5728\u5fc3\u4e0a\uff0c\u4e91\u4f55\u300c\u6295\u8cc7\u300d\uff1f\u4ee5\u7d50\u679c\u8ad6\u4e4b\uff0c\u82f1\u570b\u8fd1\u5e74\u4e00\u9805\u8abf\u67e5\u6307\u5927\u5b78\u7562\u696d\u751f\u5e73\u5747\u8981\u5230 33 \u6b72\uff0c\u85aa\u916c\u624d\u8ffd\u53ca\u4e2d\u5b78\u7562\u696d\u5373\u6295\u8eab\u793e\u6703\u7684\u540c\u8f29\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u56de\u5831\u9059\u4e0d\u53ef\u671f\u7684\u8209\u52d5\u6216\u53ef\u547c\u66f0\u300c\u6295\u8cc7\u5931\u6557\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n \u5927\u6211\u7684\u795e\u8a71\u544a\u8a34\u4f60\uff0c\u8b80\u66f8\u662f\u70ba\u4e86\u8ca2\u737b\u793e\u6703\uff0c\u7686\u56e0\u793e\u6703\u4e0d\u65b7\u9032\u6b65\uff0c\u8d8a\u9032\u6b65\u5c31\u8d8a\u9700\u8981\u5148\u9032\u6280\u8853\uff0c\u65bc\u662f\u500b\u4eba\u5fc5\u9808\u63a5\u53d7\u66f4\u591a\u5b78\u6821\u6559\u80b2\uff0c\u5426\u5247\u9999\u6e2f\u5c31\u6703\u5931\u53bb\u7af6\u722d\u529b\uff0c\u7d93\u6fdf\u6389\u9032\u8c37\u5e95\u4e91\u4e91\u3002<\/p>\n \u9019\u4e5f\u662f\u5047\u7684\uff0c\u5b78\u6821\u6559\u80b2\u65e2\u4e0d\u4ee3\u8868\u6280\u8853\u63d0\u5347\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4ee3\u8868\u7d93\u6fdf\u589e\u9577\u3002\u7f8e\u570b\u793e\u6703\u5b78\u5bb6 Randall Collins \u641c\u7f85\u91ab\u5b78\u3001\u6cd5\u5f8b\u3001\u5546\u696d\u7b49\u5404\u884c\u5404\u696d\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\uff0c\u767c\u73fe\u6280\u8853\u5927\u591a\u5f9e\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e4b\u4e2d\u800c\u975e\u5b78\u6821\u6559\u80b2\u5f97\u4f86\uff0c\u8207\u6b64\u540c\u6642\uff0c\u82e5\u628a\u4e16\u754c\u5404\u570b\u63a5\u7167\u570b\u6c11\u5e73\u5747\u6536\u5165\u5206\u6210\u56db\u7d44\uff0c\u5373\u53ef\u767c\u73fe\u6bcf\u4e00\u7d44\u88e1\u9762\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u5c31\u5b78\u6307\u6578\u8207\u570b\u6c11\u751f\u7522\u7e3d\u503c\u4e26\u975e\u5fc5\u7136\u76f8\u95dc\u3002<\/p>\n \u65e2\u4e0d\u662f\u70ba\u4e86\u81ea\u5df1\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u70ba\u4e86\u5225\u4eba\uff0c\u8667\u8001\u672c\u5538\u5927\u5b78\uff0c\u7a76\u7adf\u662f\u70ba\u4e86\u751a\u9ebc\uff1f<\/p>\n \u5927\u5c08\u50b5\u7db2\u3000\u8acb\u541b\u5165\u7515<\/strong><\/p>\n \u53ef\u60dc\uff0c\u9999\u6e2f\u5c1a\u672a\u812b\u96e2\u795e\u8a71\u6642\u4ee3\u7684\u8499\u6627\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u300c\u70ba\u751a\u9ebc\u300d\uff0c\u6050\u6015\u4e0d\u592a\u591a\u4eba\u61c2\u5f97\u8ffd\u554f\u3002\u8b49\u64da\u53ef\u898b\u8af8\u6211\u5011\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u65bd\u653f\u2500\u2500 2000 \u5e74\uff0c\u524d\u7279\u9996\u8463\u5efa\u83ef\u5728\u65bd\u653f\u5831\u544a\u88e1\u5021\u8b70\u5728\u5341\u5e74\u5167\u5c07\u5c08\u4e0a\u5b78\u984d\u52a0\u500d\uff0c\u300c\u8b93\u9999\u6e2f\u9ad8\u7b49\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u666e\u53ca\u7387\u9054\u5230\u767e\u5206\u4e4b\u516d\u5341\u300d\uff0c\u914d\u5408\u300c\u77e5\u8b58\u578b\u7d93\u6fdf\u300d\uff0c\u800c\u9019\u500b\u76ee\u6a19\u5728 2005 \u5e74\u5df2\u7d93\u8d85\u984d\u5b8c\u6210\uff1b\u5230\u4e86 2005 \u5e74\u7684\u65bd\u653f\u5831\u544a\uff0c\u516d\u81f3\u5eff\u56db\u6b72\u9752\u5c11\u5e74\u7684\u5347\u5b78\u6a5f\u6703\u53c8\u88ab\u8996\u70ba\u89e3\u6c7a\u300c\u8de8\u4ee3\u8ca7\u7aae\u300d\u7684\u95dc\u9375\u3002<\/p>\n \u5c08\u4e0a\u5b78\u984d\u7206\u70b8\u6027\u81a8\u8139\uff0c\u662f\u5426\u4ee3\u8868\u6500\u4e0a\u4e2d\u7522\u5730\u4f4d\u7684\u9752\u5e74\u4ea6\u6210\u6b63\u6bd4\u4f8b\u589e\u9577\uff1f\u4e8b\u5be6\u52dd\u65bc\u96c4\u8faf\uff0c\u516b\u5341\u5e74\u4ee3\u521d\u7684\u5c08\u4e0a\u5b78\u984d\u50c5\u4f54\u9069\u9f61\u4eba\u53e3\u4e0d\u8db3\u767e\u5206\u4e4b\u4e09\uff0c\u4f46\u5f9e 1981 \u5e74\u5230 2006 \u5e74\uff0c\u53cd\u6620\u8ca7\u5bcc\u61f8\u6b8a\u7684\u5805\u5c3c\u7cfb\u6578\u537b\u5f9e 0.45 \u5347\u81f3 0.53\uff08\u7de8\u6309\uff1a\u6700\u65b0\u6578\u5b57\u70ba0.537\uff09\u3002\u5f97\u5230\u5c08\u4e0a\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u4eba\u591a\u4e86\uff0c\u8ca7\u5bcc\u5dee\u8ddd\u537b\u8d8a\u62c9\u8d8a\u5927\uff0c\u5927\u5b78\u751f\u6649\u8eab\u4e2d\u7522\u7684\u6a5f\u6703\u65e5\u6f38\u6e3a\u832b\u3002<\/p>\n \u8aa0\u7136\uff0c\u9ad8\u5730\u50f9\u3001\u51b7\u6230\u7d50\u675f\u8207\u4e2d\u570b\u958b\u653e\u5e02\u5834\u52d5\u6416\u4e86\u9999\u6e2f\u4f5c\u70ba\u570b\u969b\u8cbf\u6613\u4e2d\u9593\u4eba\u7684\u512a\u52e2\uff0c\u662f\u57fa\u5c64\u5e02\u6c11\u96e3\u5713\u4e2d\u7522\u5922\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u53ef\u662f\uff0c\u5c08\u4e0a\u5b78\u751f\u8cb8\u6b3e\u7684\u91cd\u64d4\u8aaa\u4e0d\u5b9a\u4ea6\u626e\u6f14\u4e86\u63a8\u6ce2\u52a9\u703e\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u3002\u5de6\u624b\u64f4\u5927\u5c08\u4e0a\u5b78\u984d\uff0c\u53f3\u624b\u6536\u7dca\u5347\u5b78\u8cb8\u6b3e\uff0c\u7b49\u65bc\u662f\u4ee5\u9ad8\u7b49\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u5e4c\u5b50\u5c07\u66f4\u591a\u9752\u5e74\u4eba\u63a8\u5165\u50b5\u7db2\u3002\u4e5d\u516b\u5e74\u91d1\u878d\u98a8\u66b4\u7684\u9918\u6ce2\uff0c\u96f6\u4e09\u5e74\u7684SARS\uff0c\u5c07\u4e0d\u5c11\u4e2d\u4e0b\u5c64\u5bb6\u5ead\u6253\u9032\u8ca0\u50b5\u7d2f\u7d2f\u7684\u8c37\u5e95\uff0c\u73fe\u884c\u7684\u5c08\u4e0a\u5b78\u751f\u8cb8\u6b3e\u653f\u7b56\u537b\u5c0d\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u5b50\u5973\u843d\u4e95\u4e0b\u77f3\uff0c\u3008\u5eff\u4e00\u4e16\u7d00\u653e\u6578\u7db2\u7d61\u3009\u4e00\u6587\u7684\u5169\u4f4d\u88ab\u8a2a\u8005\u582a\u4f5c\u898b\u8b49\u4eba\u3002\u5bb6\u88e1\u6b20\u6b3e\u904e\u767e\u842c\u537b\u4e0d\u7372\u4e00\u6587\u8cc7\u52a9\uff0c\u5e74\u9752\u4eba\u60df\u6709\u80cc\u8ca0\u4e0a\u4e00\u4ee3\u7684\u696d\u529b\u5411\u4e0b\u6c89\u6dea\uff0c\u653f\u5e9c\u5c31\u7b97\u662f\u8655\u7406\u4e86\u8de8\u4ee3\u8ca7\u7aae\u554f\u984c\u9ebc\uff1f<\/p>\n \u9019\u4e0d\u662f\u7121\u5fc3\u4e4b\u5931\u3002\u5b78\u751f\u8cb8\u6b3e\u672c\u61c9\u7528\u4ee5\u5e6b\u52a9\u8ca7\u82e6\u5b78\u751f\u61c9\u6025\uff0c\u53ef\u662f\u653f\u5e9c\u6709\u8a08\u5283\u5730\u9010\u6b65\u63a8\u5378\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u300c\u8cc7\u52a9\u8005\u300d\u89d2\u8272\uff1a\u5148\u662f\u5728\u4e5d\u5341\u5e74\u4ee3\u521d\u5927\u5e45\u62ac\u9ad8\u5927\u5b78\u5b78\u8cbb\uff0c\u518d\u5728\u4e5d\u5341\u5e74\u4ee3\u4e2d\u8a2d\u7acb\u5229\u7387\u96a8\u5e02\u5834\u6d6e\u52d5\u7684\u514d\u5165\u606f\u5be9\u67e5\u8cb8\u6b3e\uff08non-mean\uff09\uff0c\u9032\u800c\u63d0\u9ad8\u7d93\u5165\u606f\u5be9\u67e5\u52a9\u5b78\u91d1\u6216\u8cb8\u6b3e\uff08grant loan\uff09\u7684\u7533\u8acb\u96e3\u5ea6\u4e26\u5ef6\u9577\u5be9\u6838\u6642\u9593\uff0c\u9a45\u4f7f\u5b78\u751f\u501f\u9ad8\u606f\u7684 non-mean\u3002\u5982\u6b64\u4e00\u4f86\uff0c\u653f\u5e9c\u63a8\u5ee3\u9ad8\u7b49\u6559\u80b2\u666e\u53ca\u5316\u7684\u8ca1\u653f\u8cac\u4efb\uff0c\u4fbf\u8f15\u9b06\u8f49\u79fb\u5230\u5e73\u6c11\u767e\u59d3\u8eab\u4e0a\u3002<\/p>\n \u6545\u4e8b\u5230\u9019\u88e1\u5c1a\u672a\u5b8c\u7d50\u30022005 \u5e74\u5e95\uff0c\u653f\u5e9c\u6253\u7b97\u5c07\u51fa\u552e\u53ca\u5916\u5224 non-mean\uff0c\u4ea4\u7531\u91d1\u878d\u6a5f\u69cb\u8ca0\u8cac\uff0c\u6d89\u53ca\u91d1\u984d\u9054\u4e09\u5341\u56db\u5104\u5143\u3002\u5018\u82e5\u6b64\u8a08\u5f97\u552e\uff0c\u653f\u5e9c\u751a\u81f3\u9023\u63d0\u4f9b\u8cb8\u6b3e\u7684\u8cac\u4efb\u4e5f\u63a8\u5378\u5230\u5e02\u5834\uff0c\u516c\u5171\u670d\u52d9\u4ea6\u8b8a\u8cea\u70ba\u79c1\u4eba\u751f\u610f\u3002\u6b64\u8209\u88ab\u5404\u754c\u61f7\u7591\u662f\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u7528\u5e02\u5834\u6a5f\u5236\u8abf\u9ad8\u5b78\u751f\u8cb8\u6b3e\u5229\u7387\u7684\u524d\u594f\uff0c\u79c1\u71df\u91d1\u878d\u6a5f\u69cb\u6703\u5426\u4ee5\u66b4\u529b\u624b\u6bb5\u8ffd\u6578\u4ea6\u6210\u70ba\u4e00\u6642\u8a71\u984c\uff0c\u653f\u5e9c\u5728\u5f37\u5927\u8f3f\u8ad6\u58d3\u529b\u4e0b\u60df\u6709\u66ab\u6642\u64f1\u7f6e\u5916\u5224\u3002<\/p>\n \u8cb8\u6b3e\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u5546\u6a5f\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6210\u70ba\u4e00\u76e4\u751f\u610f\u3002\u79c1\u71df\u91d1\u878d\u6a5f\u69cb\u6c92\u6709\u8cc7\u52a9\u9ad8\u7b49\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u7fa9\u52d9\uff0c\u653f\u5e9c\u88fd\u9020\u4e86\u9f90\u5927\u7684\u5b78\u751f\u501f\u8cb8\u9700\u6c42\uff0c\u5404\u5927\u9280\u884c\u53c8\u8c48\u6703\u932f\u904e\u9019\u4e00\u5927\u584a\u80a5\u8089\u3002\u752b\u958b\u5b78\u5373\u6709\u9280\u884c\u9577\u9a45\u76f4\u5165\u8d70\u9032\u6821\u5712\u63a8\u92b7\u4fe1\u7528\u5361\uff0c\u5982\u65af\u5149\u666f\u6b63\u662f\u4e0a\u8ff0\u8108\u7d61\u7684\u7522\u7269\u3002\u8207\u5927\u5b78\u95dc\u4fc2\u5bc6\u5207\u7684\u9280\u884c\u751a\u81f3\u6703\u5728\u5ba3\u50b3\u4e0a\u7372\u5f97\u7279\u5225\u512a\u5f85\uff0c\u4e2d\u5927\u5728 1999 \u5e74\u5c31\u5728\u5b78\u751f\u8b49\u4e0a\u5370\u6709\u6046\u751f\u9280\u884c\u7684\u6a19\u8a8c\uff0c\u5f8c\u56e0\u540c\u5b78\u5f37\u70c8\u53cd\u5f48\u624d\u4e2d\u6b62\u3002<\/p>\n 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\u58ae\u843d\u4e4b\u5f8c\u7684\u5149\u660e<\/strong><\/p>\n \u57fa\u5c64\u5bb6\u5ead\u7684\u7d93\u6fdf\u72c0\u6cc1\u5c1a\u672a\u5fa9\u7526\uff08\u50cf\u624e\u9435\u5de5\u4eba\uff0c\u5341\u5e74\u4f86\u6709\u6e1b\u85aa\u7121\u52a0\u85aa\uff0c\u52a0\u7684\u53ea\u6709\u5c4b\u79df\uff09\uff0c\u50b5\u7db2\u537b\u8fce\u9762\u800c\u4f86\uff0c\u5927\u5b78\u751f\u2500\u2500\u7279\u5225\u662f\u57fa\u5c64\u51fa\u8eab\u7684\u5927\u5b78\u751f\u2500\u2500\u7121\u53ef\u907f\u514d\u5f9e\u5929\u4e4b\u9a55\u5b50\u58ae\u843d\u6210\u9ece\u6c11\u3002\u53ea\u662f\uff0c\u70ba\u751a\u9ebc\u5927\u5b78\u751f\u4e00\u5b9a\u975e\u5f97\u662f\u5929\u4e4b\u9a55\u5b50\u4e0d\u53ef\uff1f\u6191\u751a\u9ebc\uff1f<\/p>\n Ivan Illich \u5728 Deschooling Society 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