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\u518d\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\uff0c\u4f54\u9818\u4e2d\u74b0\u9700\u8981\u6301\u7e8c\u6027\uff0c\u8981\u4e00\u822c\u6253\u5de5\u4ed4\u5982\u6234\u6240\u8a00\u2500\u2500\u5404\u81ea\u7533\u8acb\u5047\u671f\uff0c\u884c\u8f2a\u63db\u5236\uff0c\u4f60\u5728\u4e00\u4e09\u4e94\u7576\u503c\uff0c\u6211\u5728\u4e8c\u56db\u516d\u2500\u2500\u7121\u7591\u662f\u5984\u60f3\u3002[2]\u5c0d\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u4eba\uff0c\u4e00\u661f\u671f\u53ef\u4ee5\u8acb\u4e09\u65e5\u5047\u7684\u8077\u696d\u6839\u672c\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u9762\u5c0d\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u58d3\u903c\uff0c\u8981\u53c3\u8207\u8005\u70ba\u4e86\u6c11\u4e3b\u904b\u52d5\u8c41\u51fa\u53bb\uff0c\u5192\u72a7\u7272\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u96aa\uff0c\u4f3c\u4e4e\u4e0d\u592a\u73fe\u5be6\u3002\u52d5\u54e1\u80fd\u529b\u53d7\u9650\uff0c\u4e00\u842c\u4eba\u7684\u76ee\u6a19\u4e0d\u53ef\u671f\u3002<\/p>\n

\u9999\u6e2f\u8fd1\u5e74\u7684\u5927\u578b\u793e\u6703\u904b\u52d5\u591a\u55ae\u65e5\u9032\u884c\uff0c\u8207\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e0d\u885d\u7a81\u3002\u4f54\u9818\u4e2d\u74b0\u5c0d\u6301\u7e8c\u6027\u7684\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u6216\u66f0\u96e3\u8655\uff0c\u5f15\u4f38\u51fa\u4f86\u7684\uff0c\u6070\u662f\u5de5\u4f5c\u5834\u6240\u4f5c\u70ba\u53c3\u8207\u904b\u52d5\u55ae\u4f4d\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u3002\u904b\u52d5\u727d\u982d\u8005\u53ef\u8003\u616e\u9023\u7d50\u4e0d\u540c\u516c\u53f8\u6216\u7d44\u7e54\u7684\u54e1\u5de5\u3002\u8207\u7d93\u6fdf\u7f77\u5de5\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u4f54\u9818\u4e2d\u74b0\u822c\u7684\u5927\u578b\u653f\u6cbb\u7f77\u5de5\u76f4\u63a5\u640d\u5bb3\u8cc7\u672c\u7684\u5229\u76ca\uff0c\u5f8c\u8005\u66f4\u76f4\u9762\u5de5\u4f5c\u7e8f\u8eab\u554f\u984c\u3002\u4f46\u900f\u904e\u8db3\u5920\u591a\u7684\u4eba\u548c\u5de5\u6703\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u516c\u53f8\u79cb\u5f8c\u7b97\u5e33\u6a5f\u6703\u6e1b\u4f4e\uff0c\u53c3\u8207\u904b\u52d5\u7684\u9580\u6abb\u4ea6\u76f8\u5c0d\u964d\u4f4e\u3002[3]<\/p>\n

\u548c\u5e73\u7406\u6027\u975e\u66b4\u529b<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u5c0d\u6234\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u9999\u6e2f\u6c11\u4e3b\u904b\u52d5\u770b\u4e0d\u5230\u66d9\u5149\uff0c\u5317\u4eac\u514c\u73fe\u666e\u9078\u627f\u8afe\u6a5f\u6703\u6e3a\u3002\u70ba\u6e2f\u4eba\u722d\u53d6\u666e\u9078\uff0c\u5fc5\u9700\u884c\u52d5\u5347\u7d1a\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e00\u5b9a\u4eba\u6578\u53c3\u8207\u5835\u8def\uff0c\u4f54\u9818\u4e2d\u74b0\uff0c\u4ee5\u7372\u53d6\u8ac7\u5224\u684c\u4e0a\u7684\u7c4c\u78bc\u3002\u4ee5\u6cd5\u5f8b\u70ba\u5c08\u696d\u7684\u6234\u5c0d\u5835\u8def\u4f5c\u70ba\u9055\u6cd5\u884c\u70ba\u4e88\u4ee5\u80af\u5b9a\uff0c\u8a8d\u70ba\u4ee5\u9055\u53cd\u4e0d\u7fa9\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u9054\u5230\u516c\u7fa9\uff0c\u7d55\u5c0d\u7b26\u5408\u6cd5\u6cbb\uff0c\u76f8\u53cd\u5b88\u6cd5\u53ea\u6703\u6dea\u70ba\u4e0d\u516c\u7fa9\u7684\u5e6b\u5147\u3002[4]<\/p>\n

\u884c\u52d5\u5347\u7d1a\u540c\u6642\uff0c\u4f54\u9818\u4e2d\u74b0\u4ecd\u9ad8\u8209\u548c\u5e73\u7406\u6027\u975e\u66b4\u529b\u7684\u65d7\u5e5f\u2500\u2500\u8a8d\u70ba\u5835\u8def\u8005\u4e5f\u597d\uff0c\u8b66\u65b9\u4e5f\u597d\uff0c\u4e00\u65e6\u63a1\u53d6\u66b4\u529b\u624b\u6bb5\uff0c\u5c07\u5f97\u5931\u5927\u773e\uff0c\u7121\u6cd5\u611f\u53ec\u4eba\u5011\u70ba\u81ea\u5df1\u7ad9\u53f0\u3002\u70ba\u6b64\uff0c\u53c3\u8207\u8005\u4e8b\u524d\u9700\u53c3\u52a0\u6703\u8b70\uff0c\u7c3d\u540c\u610f\u548c\u5e73\u6297\u722d\u7684\u8a93\u8a00\u66f8\uff0c\u4fdd\u8b49\u4e0d\u751f\u4e8b\uff1b\u5835\u8def\u524d\u77e5\u6703\u8eca\u8f1b\u6709\u95dc\u4f54\u9818\u884c\u52d5\uff0c\u8b93\u5b83\u5011\u7e5e\u9053\u800c\u884c\uff1b\u8b66\u65b9\u62d8\u6355\u9700\u4e56\u4e56\u5408\u4f5c\uff1b\u884c\u52d5\u5b8c\u7d50\u4fbf\u96c6\u9ad4\u5230\u8b66\u7f72\u81ea\u9996\uff0c\u627f\u8a8d\u548c\u8ca0\u8d77\u516c\u6c11\u6297\u547d\u7684\u7f6a\u884c\u53ca\u4ee3\u50f9\u3002[5]<\/p>\n

\u548c\u5e73\u7406\u6027\u975e\u66b4\u529b\u7684\u8a0e\u8ad6\u5f80\u5f80\u5177\u722d\u8b70\u6027\u3002\u56e0\u73fe\u5be6\u7684\u8907\u96dc\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5f88\u96e3\u55ae\u7d14\u5730\u63d0\u51fa\u4e00\u5957\u539f\u5247\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u653e\u8af8\u5929\u4e0b\u7686\u6e96\uff0c\u6545\u5fc5\u9700\u56de\u5230\u884c\u4f7f\u66b4\u529b\u7684\u8108\u7d61\u548c\u5be6\u969b\u5834\u666f\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u8ac7\u8ad6\u66b4\u529b\u7684\u6b63\u7576\u6027\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u5fc5\u8981\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n

\uff08\u4e00\uff09\u66b4\u529b\u5728\u4f54\u9818\u4e2d\u74b0\u7684\u5fc5\u8981
\n<\/strong>
\n\u57fa\u65bc\u4f54\u9818\u4e2d\u74b0\u7684\u6027\u8cea\uff0c\u6234\u5fc3\u76ee\u4e2d\u5c0d\u66b4\u529b\u7684\u60f3\u50cf\u9060\u4e0d\u8db3\u4ee5\u9054\u6210\u76ee\u6a19\u3002\u53cd\u570b\u6559\u884c\u52d5\u4f54\u9818\u653f\u5e9c\u7e3d\u90e8\u6642\uff0c\u53ea\u5728\u5283\u5b9a\u7684\u793a\u5a01\u5340\u805a\u96c6\uff0c\u8a72\u8655\u6416\u8eab\u4e00\u8b8a\u6210\u70ba\u516c\u6c11\u5ee3\u5834\uff0c\u4f9b\u4eba\u8a0e\u8ad6\uff0c\u8f09\u6b4c\u8f09\u821e\u800c\u4e0d\u6703\u6709\u8eca\u8f1b\u7199\u4f86\u6518\u5f80\u3002\u53cd\u89c0\u4f54\u9818\u4e2d\u74b0\uff0c\u5835\u585e\u4ea4\u901a\u8981\u9053\uff0c\u7671\u7613\u9999\u6e2f\u7684\u653f\u7d93\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u963b\u7919\u793e\u6703\u548c\u8cc7\u672c\u7684\u6b63\u5e38\u904b\u4f5c\uff0c\u662f\u5c0d\u73fe\u884c\u79e9\u5e8f\u548c\u8cc7\u672c\u66f4\u76f4\u63a5\u7684\u5c0d\u6297\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u9810\u60f3\uff0c\u56e0\u5c0d\u6297\u6027\u63d0\u9ad8\uff0c\u8b66\u65b9\u7684\u8b66\u6212\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e5f\u76f8\u61c9\u63d0\u9ad8\u3002\u5728\u5835\u8def\u78ba\u5be6\u5f71\u97ff\u793e\u6703\u904b\u4f5c\u7684\u60c5\u5f62\uff0c\u8b66\u65b9\u5927\u53ef\u4ee5\u7dad\u6301\u9999\u6e2f\u548c\u8ae7\u7e41\u69ae\u7a69\u5b9a\u7684\u8aaa\u8fad\uff0c\u5148\u6e05\u5834\uff0c\u4ee4\u4e2d\u74b0\u4ea4\u901a\u56de\u6b78\u300c\u6b63\u5e38\u300d\uff0c\u5f8c\u6c7a\u5b9a\u662f\u5426\u8d77\u8a34\uff0c\u6216\u8d77\u8a34\u8ab0\u3002\u6234\u7684\u60f3\u50cf\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e00\u842c\u4eba\u8db3\u4f7f\u8b66\u65b9\u9000\u7e2e\uff0c\u653e\u68c4\u6e05\u5834\uff0c\u4f46\u82e5\u8b66\u65b9\u771f\u7684\u6e05\u5834\uff0c\u7c3d\u904e\u8a93\u8a00\u66f8\u7684\u7fa4\u773e\u4ecd\u9700\u4e56\u4e56\u5c31\u7bc4\u548c\u914d\u5408\uff0c\u5927\u5bb6\u53ea\u5f97\u9ed8\u7136\u63a5\u53d7\u904b\u52d5\u7684\u843d\u5e55\u3002\u6e05\u5834\u727d\u6d89\u7684\u4eba\u529b\u7269\u529b\u672a\u5fc5\u592a\u5927\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u6240\u82b1\u6642\u9593\u7a0d\u9577\uff0c\u96e3\u4ee5\u60f3\u50cf\u8b66\u65b9\u6703\u4e0d\u7a0d\u4f5c\u5617\u8a66\uff0c\u7c4c\u5099\u591a\u6642\u7684\u904b\u52d5\u5c31\u6b64\u58fd\u7d42\u6b63\u5be2\u4e5f\u672a\u514d\u5152\u6232\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e5f\u8a31\u53cd\u570b\u6559\u904b\u52d5\u7d66\u4e88\u6234\u7f8e\u9e97\u7684\u5e7b\u60f3\uff0c\u89ba\u5f97\u8b66\u5bdf\u6703\u8896\u624b\u65c1\u89c0\uff0c\u4efb\u7531\u793a\u5a01\u8005\u5835\u8def\u800c\u4e0d\u963b\u6493\u3002\u7531\u53e4\u5230\u4eca\uff0c\u8b66\u5bdf\u6a5f\u95dc\u7e3d\u70ba\u7576\u6b0a\u8005\u670d\u52d9\uff0c\u7d55\u975e\u4e2d\u7acb\u3002\u96d6\u8aaa\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4fdd\u969c\u4e86\u6700\u57fa\u672c\u8868\u9054\u610f\u898b\u7684\u81ea\u7531\uff0c\u4f46\u53ea\u8981\u5230\u4e86\u7dca\u8981\u95dc\u982d\uff0c\u5982\u9577\u671f\u5835\u8def\u822c\uff0c\u64bc\u52d5\u4e86\u7279\u6b0a\u968e\u7d1a\u7684\u5229\u76ca\uff0c\u8b66\u5bdf\u5c07\u5192\u5931\u53bb\uff08\u8b66\u5bdf\u548c\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\uff09\u6b63\u7576\u6027\u7684\u96aa\uff0c\u60f3\u76e1\u65b9\u6cd5\u963b\u7919\uff0c\u54ea\u7ba1\u4f60\u793a\u5a01\u6297\u722d\u7684\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u54ea\u7ba1\u4f60\u6709\u591a\u548c\u5e73\uff0c\u7576\u7136\u539f\u56e0\u6703\u5305\u88dd\u6210\u4e2d\u7acb\u7684\u7dad\u6301\u793e\u6703\u79e9\u5e8f\u3002\u6cd5\u6cbb\u5c0d\u6297\u722d\u8005\u7684\u58d3\u903c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u5bb9\u5ffd\u8996\u3002\u56de\u60f3\u4ee5\u5f80\u4eba\u6578\u4e0d\u591a\u7684\u5835\u8def\u884c\u52d5\uff0c\u8b66\u65b9\u79cb\u5f8c\u7b97\u5e33\u8d77\u8a34\u793a\u5a01\u8005\u6642\uff0c\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5c0d\u5a01\u5687\u793a\u5a01\u8005\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u548c\u5be6\u969b\u7684\u5236\u88c1\uff0c\u4e5f\u6642\u523b\u978f\u56fa\u7d71\u6cbb\u968e\u7d1a\u548c\u8cc7\u7522\u968e\u7d1a\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5f04\u6e05\u8b66\u5bdf\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u5f8c\uff0c\u4fbf\u9700\u91cd\u4f30\u8a72\u884c\u4f7f\u4f55\u7b49\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u66b4\u529b\uff0c\u4ee4\u5835\u8def\u5f97\u4ee5\u6301\u7e8c\u3002\u9664\u4e86\u4eba\u6578\u591a\u5be1\u7684\u7c4c\u78bc\u5916\uff0c\u96e3\u9053\u6c92\u6709\u4ee4\u6211\u65b9\u52dd\u7b97\u5897\u52a0\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1f\u627f\u63a5\u6e05\u5834\u7684\u8a0e\u8ad6\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5834\u90fd\u88ab\u6e05\u6389\uff0c\u611f\u53ec\u518d\u591a\u4eba\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u662f\u751a\u9ebc\uff1f\u6e05\u5834\u7684\u535a\u5955\u4e2d\uff0c\u8b66\u65b9\u6e05\u5834\u4ee3\u50f9\u4e0d\u5927\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\uff0c\u5805\u5b88\u975e\u66b4\u529b\u3001\u63a5\u53d7\u62d8\u6355\uff0c\u5be6\u770b\u4e0d\u5230\u904b\u52d5\u7684\u51fa\u8def\u3002\u5728\u4f54\u9818\u4e2d\u74b0\u7684\u5be6\u969b\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e0a\uff0c\u8d77\u78bc\u9700\u8981\u6709\u7d44\u7e54\u7684\u62d2\u6355\u4f86\u62b5\u6297\u8b66\u65b9\u6e05\u5834\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u6301\u7e8c\u5835\u8def\uff0c\u767c\u63ee\u5411\u653f\u5e9c\u65bd\u58d3\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u81f3\u65bc\u8b66\u5bdf\u51fa\u52d5\u50ac\u6dda\u5f48\u548c\u9632\u66b4\u968a\u8a72\u5982\u4f55\u61c9\u5c0d\uff0c\u90fd\u96e2\u6234\u7684\u6297\u722d\u60f3\u50cf\u592a\u9060\uff0c\u7d71\u7d71\u662f\u5f8c\u8a71\u3002<\/p>\n

\uff08\u4e8c\uff09\u548c\u5e73\u6297\u722d\u80cc\u5f8c\u7684\u66b4\u529b<\/strong><\/p>\n

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[1]\uff1c\u300c\u4f54\u9818\u4e2d\u74b0\u300d\u884c\u52d5\u7684\u76ee\u6a19\u8207\u6642\u6a5f\uff1e\uff0c\u300a\u660e\u5831\u300b\uff0c2013\u5e742\u670823\u65e5
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\n[3]\u5728\u5de5\u6703\u52e2\u529b\u5f37\u7684\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u8a2d\u6709\u7f77\u5de5\u57fa\u91d1\uff0c\u8b93\u624b\u505c\u53e3\u505c\u7684\u5de5\u7a2e\u90fd\u5f97\u5230\u7167\u9867\uff0c\u4f46\u9019\u4e0d\u662f\u5d07\u5c1a\u300c\u81ea\u7531\u5e02\u5834\u300d\u7684\u9999\u6e2f\u6240\u80fd\u5920\u6bd4\u64ec\u7684\u3002
\n[4]\uff1c\u4ee5\u6cd5\u9054\u7fa9\uff1a\u516c\u6c11\u6297\u547d\u7684\u70b8\u5f48\u2014\u2014\u5c08\u8a2a\u6234\u8000\u5ef7\uff1e\uff0c\u9999\u6e2f\u7368\u7acb\u5a92\u9ad4\uff0chttp:\/\/www.inmediahk.net\/node\/1015347<\/a>
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\n[6]Robert Bohm, Notes on India, South End Press, 1999, p213
\n[7]Umoja, 1964: The Beginning of the End of Nonviolence in the Mississippi Freedom Movement, Radical History Review, 211<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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