——\u95dc\u65bc\u6700\u4f4e\u5de5\u8cc7\u7acb\u6cd5<\/p>\n
\u6587\uff1a\u5de5\u982d\u963f\u821e<\/p>\n
\u5c0b\u65e5\u884c\u8857\uff0c\u649e\u5230\u963f\u908a\u500b\uff0c\u540c\u6211\u5410\u7cdf\uff0c\u8a71\u8981\u8d81\u4f4f\u6700\u4f4e\u5de5\u8cc7\u7acb\u6cd5\uff0c\u5410\u4e00\u7be4\u5927\u7be4\u5605\uff0c\u7b49\u53f3\u6d3e\u73ed\u50bb\u4ed4\u7747\u5230\u64bb\u6c61\u7cdf\u91ce\u3002<\/p>\n
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\u963f\u908a\u500b\u5514\u660e\uff0c\u9ede\u89e3\u4eba\u660e\u660e\u6bcf\u65e5\u505a\u4e5d\u500b\u9418\u526f\u5048\u5c31\u5dee\u5514\u591a\uff0c\u9ede\u89e3\u9023\u4ee4\u81ea\u5df1\u5920\u98df\u90fd\u6709\u56f0\u96e3\u3002\u963f\u908a\u500b\u89ba\u5f97\uff0c\u6700\u4f4e\u5de5\u8cc7\u4fc2\u4fdd\u969c\u4eba\u5605\u57fa\u672c\u751f\u5b58\u6b0a\uff0c\u8cc7\u672c\u4e3b\u7fa9\u6216\u81ea\u7531\u5e02\u5834\u5982\u679c\u641e\u90fd\u751f\u5b58\u90fd\u5514\u5f97\u4ef2\u63d0\u4f86\u505a\u4e5c\uff08\u8a3b\uff11\uff09\u3002\u8001\u95c6\u5605\u8ad7\u6cd5\u5c0d\u963f\u908a\u500b\u4f86\u8b1b\u4fc2\u4e00\u982d\u9727\u6c34\uff0c\u660e\u660e\u6700\u4f4e\u5de5\u8cc7\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ee4\u793e\u6703\u6574\u9ad4\u85aa\u916c\u4e0a\u5347\uff0c\u591a\u4eba\u6d17\u9322\uff0c\u8001\u95c6\u90fd\u5514\u4fc2\u597d\u5236\u3002\u963f\u908a\u500b\u8a71\uff0c\u5187\u683c\uff0c\u5be6\u6703\u901a\u8139\u67b6\u5566\uff0c\u5187\u6700\u4f4e\u5de5\u8cc7\u53c8\u5514\u898b\u4f62\u6709\u901a\u7e2e\u3002<\/p>\n
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\u963f\u908a\u500b\u637d\u4e0b\u81ea\u5df1\u624b\u4e0a\u65e2\u9322\uff0c\u8a71\u81ea\u5df1\u540c\u8001\u5a46\u5169\u500b\uff0c\u4e00\u500b\u6708\u4ea4\u79df\u5343\u96f6\u868a\uff0c\u6c34\u96fb\u7164\u4e8c\u767e\u9b06\u5572\uff0c\u8fd4\u5de5\u642d\u5eff\u868a\u4f86\u56de\uff0c\u4e00\u500b\u6708\u5c31\u56db\u767e\u5e7e\uff0c\u5468\u4e0d\u6642\u8981\u8cb7\u65e5\u7528\u54c1\u88dc\u7d66\uff0c\u7576\u4e00\u4eba\u4e00\u65e5\u98df\u4e94\u5341\u868a\u90fd\u8981\u6210\u4e09\u5343\u868a\u500b\u6708\uff0c\u4e09\u56db\u500b\u6708\u53ef\u80fd\u8981\u7747\u4e00\u6b21\u91ab\u751f\u3002\u4ef2\u8ad7\u7dca\u5481\u6a23\u751f\u5514\u751f\u5230\u4ed4\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u8a08\u6975\u81ea\u5df1\u90fd\u597d\u96e3\u5920\u4f7f\uff08\u8a3b5\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n
\u8a3b\uff1a<\/p>\n
0.\u963f\u908a\u500b\uff0c\u5176\u5be6\u5514\u4fc2\u4e0a\u500b\u79ae\u62dc\u5605\u50be\u838a\u5609\u8cd3\uff0c\u800c\u4fc2\u4e00\u500b\u5481\u5571\u540c\u540d\u5605\u670b\u53cb…\u5176\u5be6\u4fc2\u597d\u591a\u500b\uff0c\u4e0a\u9762\u6240\u6709\u963f\u908a\u500b\u90fd\u4fc2\u5514\u540c\u4eba\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u4fc2\u884c\u8857\u649e\u5230\u679c\u5341\u96f6\u5eff\u500b\u4eba\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u9694\u7c6c\u5c4b\u3001\u4f60\u3001\u6211\u3002<\/p>\n
1.\u5514\u77e5\u4ef2\u5e7e\u591a\u4eba\u4fc2\u807d\u4f4f\u300c\u9999\u6e2f\u4fc2\u81ea\u7531\u5e02\u5834\u300d\u5462\u53e5\u8a71\u5927\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u73ed\u7d93\u6fdf\u5b78\u5bb6\u4ee4\u5230\u5462\u53e5\u8a71\uff0c\u540c\u57cb\u4e00\u5927\u5806\u653f\u5e9c\u540c\u5546\u754c\u5605\u6697\u555e\u5e95\u4e00\u9f4a\u966a\u4f4f\u6211\u5730\u597d\u591a\u5e74\u3002\u540c\u6642\u5e02\u5834\u90fd\u5514\u53ef\u80fd\u4e2d\u7acb\uff0c\u800c\u4fc2\u4e2d\u9593\u6ef2\u5165\u5de6\u6587\u5316\u653f\u6cbb\u7b49\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u6e05\u6f54\u5de5\u4e2d\u7537\u5973\u7684\u85aa\u916c\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u4f46\u5927\u5bb6\u90fd\u8981\u651c\u5e36\u5dee\u4e0d\u591a\u91cd\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u3002\u91d1\u878d\u98a8\u66b4\u524d\u6e05\u6f54\u5de5\u88ab\u8996\u70ba\u300c\u53ad\u60e1\u6027\u884c\u696d\u300d\uff0c\u4eba\u5de5\u4e0d\u6703\u592a\u4f4e\uff0c\u91d1\u878d\u98a8\u66b4\u5f8c\u6e05\u6f54\u5de5\u5c31\u662f\u300c\u975e\u6280\u8853\u5de5\u4eba\u300d\uff08\u6211\u8aaa\u5440\uff0c\u8981\u6e05\u6f54\u5f97\u597d\u53c8\u8981\u6c92\u8077\u696d\u75c5\u6c92\u6709\u5de5\u50b7\uff0c\u4e5f\u8981\u5f88\u6709\u6280\u8853\u5566\uff09\uff0c\u85aa\u91d1\u76f4\u6417\u8c37\u5e95\u3002<\/p>\n
2.\u4fc2\u5566\uff0c\u597d\u591a\u4eba\u5187\u91ce\u505a\uff0c\u4fc2\u5514\u4fc2\u771f\u4fc2\u5481\u591a\u4eba\u8981\u505a\u91ce\uff1f\u6709\u5514\u5c11\u4eba\u5176\u5be6\u5982\u679c\u55ba\u4e00\u500b\u798f\u5229\u6a5f\u5236\u505a\u5f97\u597d\u5605\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u4f62\u4fc2\u5514\u4f7f\u8feb\u65bc\u7121\u5948\u51fa\u53bb\u505a\u91ce\u7684\uff08\u4f60\u7747\u800c\u5bb6\u6211\u5730\u6709\u5e7e\u591a\u8001\u5e74\u62fe\u8352\u8005\u90fd\u77e5\u3002\uff09\u53e6\u5916\u85aa\u91d1\u63d0\u9ad8\u4ee5\u4ee4\u52de\u8cc7\u95dc\u4fc2\u548c\u5de5\u4eba\u751f\u6d3b\u60c5\u6cc1\u5f97\u4ee5\u6539\u5584\uff0c\u6d88\u8cbb\u529b\u7684\u6539\u8b8a\u5f15\u81f4\u7684\u751f\u610f\u984d\u4e0a\u5347\u548c\u52de\u52d5\u529b\u9700\u6c42\u7684\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f71\u97ff\u5c31\u696d\u60c5\u6cc1\uff0c\u800c\u73fe\u6642\u9999\u6e2f\u7684\u4f4e\u5de5\u8cc7\u7684\u884c\u696d\u591a\u5c6c\u4e0d\u80fd\u9077\u51fa\u7684\u884c\u696d\u5982\u98f2\u98df\u548c\u6e05\u6f54\u3002\u5728\u6b64\u90fd\u96e3\u4e00\u4e00\u7aae\u76e1\uff0c\u8981\u6709\u5be6\u4f8b\uff0c\u8acb\u770b\u8a3b3\u3002<\/p>\n
3.\u7f8e\u570bDavid Clark\u8ddfAlan Krueger\u57281998\u5e74\u505a\u904e\u4e00\u500b\u7814\u7a76\uff08Myth and Measurement\uff09\uff0c\u5f97\u51fa\u6578\u64da\u672a\u80fd\u6307\u51fa\u5be6\u884c\u6700\u4f4e\u5de5\u8cc7\u5c0d\u5c31\u696d\u60c5\u6cc1\u6709\u5f71\u97ff\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u6709\u95dc\u7814\u7a76\u4e0d\u591a\uff0c\u9019\u7814\u7a76\u70ba\u8a31\u591a\u6700\u4f4e\u5de5\u8cc7\u652f\u6301\u8005\u6240\u5f15\u7528\uff08\u53ef\u80fd\u905499%\u6709\u5f15\u4f8b\u5b50\u7684\u8a55\u8ad6\u6587\u7ae0\u90fd\u5f15\u7528\u9019\u500b\uff09\u3002\u96d6\u7136\u6709\u4e0d\u5c11\u53f3\u6d3e\u7d93\u6fdf\u5b78\u5bb6\u4f5c\u51fa\u653b\u64ca\uff0c\u4f46\u9019\u4e9b\u53cd\u5c0d\u8005\u6240\u5f15\u7528\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u90fd\u6bd4Clark\u548cKrueger\u4e0d\u56b4\u8b39\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e0a\u6216\u8005\u6a23\u672c\u5c0f\u65bc\u539f\u672c\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u5728\u6709\u95dc\u9752\u5e74\u5c31\u696d\u7684\u6578\u64da\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u82f1\u570b\u5be6\u884c\u5168\u570b\u6027\u6700\u4f4e\u5de5\u8cc7\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c18\u6b72\u81f324\u6b72\u7684\u5e74\u9752\u4eba\u5931\u696d\u7387\u537b\u75311998\u5e74\u7b2c\u56db\u5b63\u768412.1%\u6301\u7e8c\u4e0b\u964d\u81f3\u53bb\u5e74\u7b2c\u56db\u5b63\u768410.0%\u3002<\/p>\n
\u7576\u7136\uff0c\u5728\u4e0a\u8ff0\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0c\u6700\u4f4e\u5de5\u8cc7\u4e0d\u662f\u88ab\u55ae\u7368\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u9084\u6709\u653f\u5e9c\u591a\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u914d\u5408\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u9999\u6e2f\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u6700\u4f4e\u5de5\u8cc7\uff0c\u6c92\u6709\u9069\u7576\u7684\u76e3\u5bdf\uff0c\u6c92\u6709\u5de5\u4eba\u7684\u96c6\u9ad4\u8ac7\u5224\u6b0a\uff0c\u597d\u5feb\u5c31\u6703\u767c\u89ba\u6700\u4f4e\u5de5\u8cc7\u90fd\u4fc2\u5625\u6c23\u3002<\/p>\n
4.\u6700\u9ad8\u5de5\u6642\u53ef\u8aaa\u662f\u6700\u4f4e\u5de5\u8cc7\u4e4b\u5f8c\u4e0b\u4e00\u500b\u76f8\u95dc\u76ee\u6a19\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002<\/p>\n
5.\u6211\u90fd\u5514\u4fc2\u597d\u8b58\u8a08\u4e00\u500b\u4eba\u6435\u5e7e\u9322\u5148\u5920\uff0c\u800c\u5bb6\u6d41\u884c\u5605\u6709\u8077\u5de5\u76df\u5605\uff1a\u6bcf\u500b\u7d9c\u63f4\u53d7\u52a9\u4eba\u5e73\u5747\u53d7\u52a9\u91d1\u984dX\u4f9b\u990a\u6bd4\u7387\uff0b\u5de5\u4f5c\u4ea4\u901a\u8cbb\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5de5\u806f\u6703\u7684\u5168\u6e2f\u5e73\u5747\u5de5\u8cc7\u7684\u516d\u6210\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u90fd\u4fc2\u4ee5\u6bcf\u6708\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e8c\u5341\u516d\u5929\u6bcf\u5929\u516b\u5c0f\u6642\u8a08\u7b97\uff0c\u5f97\u51fa\u4e00\u5c0f\u6642\u4e09\u5341\u4e09\u5143\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4e0d\u904e\u4f9b\u990a\u6bd4\u7387\u4fc22.06\uff0c\u4f46\u4e00\u500b\u6709\u4e0b\u4e00\u4ee3\u5605\u5bb6\u5ead\u8d77\u78bc\u6709\u4e09\u500b\u4eba\uff0c\u5481\u7172\u5454\u66fe\u53c8\u53eb\u4eba\u751f\u591a\u5572\uff0c\u653f\u5e9c\u5605\u798f\u5229\u6216\u6d25\u8cbc\u7cfb\u7d71\u53c8\u597d\u591a\u6642\u4ee5\u5bb6\u5ead\u70ba\u55ae\u4f4d\u5481\u8a08\uff0c\u5481\u7576\u4e00\u500b\u4eba\u990a\u4e09\u56db\u500b\u4eba\u90fd\u4e0d\u70ba\u904e\u3002\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u6b63\u5982\u8a3b\uff13\u6240\u8b1b\uff0c\u4f9b\u990a\u6bd4\u7387\u4e2d\u5c31\u696d\u4eba\u6578\u53ef\u80fd\u8a08\u591a\u5de6\u90e8\u4efd\u672c\u4f86\u4fc2\u653f\u5e9c\u653f\u7b56\u5065\u5168\u5605\u6642\u5019\u5514\u4f7f\u51fa\u4f86\u505a\u91ce\u5605\u4eba\u3002<\/p>\n
100.\u5168\u7bc7\u6587\u90fd\u4fc2\u6284\u51fa\u4f86\u7684\uff0c\u6563\u6284\u81ea
\u8521\u5efa\u8aa0\uff1a\u5c0d\u6700\u4f4e\u5de5\u8cc7\u6279\u8a55\u7684\u6279\u8a55
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\u9673\u5bf6\u7469\uff1a\u300c\u6700\u4f4e\u5de5\u8cc7\u6cd5\u3001\u597d\u5fc3\u505a\u58de\u4e8b\u300d\uff0e\u4e00\u8a00\u5802\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u89c0\u9ede
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