{"id":7852,"date":"2018-01-23T08:23:08","date_gmt":"2018-01-23T00:23:08","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/cusp.hk\/?p=7852"},"modified":"2018-01-23T08:23:08","modified_gmt":"2018-01-23T00:23:08","slug":"%e7%be%8e%e5%9c%8b%e6%a7%8d%e8%81%b2%e7%9a%84%e8%83%8c%e5%be%8c-%e8%b2%a1%e5%9c%98%e3%80%81%e5%9c%8b%e6%9c%83%e8%88%87%e7%ac%ac%e4%ba%8c%e4%bf%ae%e6%ad%a3%e6%a1%88","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cusp.hk\/?p=7852","title":{"rendered":"\u7f8e\u570b\u69cd\u8072\u7684\u80cc\u5f8c \u2014\u2014 \u8ca1\u5718\u3001\u570b\u6703\u8207\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4fee\u6b63\u6848"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u6587\uff1aRonald<\/p>\n

8\u6708\uff0c\u4e00\u500b\u6674\u6717\u7684\u661f\u671f\u4e00\uff0c66\u6b72\u7684Dick Heller\u4ee5\u4e00\u8eab\u4e0a\u73ed\u65cf\u7684\u6253\u626e\uff0c\u7b11\u9010\u984f\u958b\u5730\u6b65\u51fa\u8b66\u7f72\u3002\u4ed6\u624b\u4e0a\u62ff\u8457\u4e00\u4efd\u722d\u53d6\u4e86\u8d77\u78bc6\u5e74\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u5728\u9019\u5929\uff0c\u4ed6\u7d42\u65bc\u53ef\u4ee5\u5408\u6cd5\u5728\u5bb6\u4e2d\u5b58\u653e\u69cd\u68b0\u3002\u7f8e\u570b\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u57282008\u5e746\u6708\u4ee55\u6bd44\u7684\u7968\u6578\uff0c\u88c1\u5b9a\u54e5\u502b\u6bd4\u4e9e\u7279\u5340\u7684\u69cd\u68b0\u7ba1\u5236\u6cd5\u9055\u53cd\u3008\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4fee\u6b63\u6848\u3009\uff0cHeller\u52dd\u8a34\u3002\u3000<\/p>\n

\u5c31\u5728\u4e0d\u4e45\u524d\u76842\u6708\uff0c\u7f8e\u570b\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u6536\u5230\u7f8e\u570b\u6b77\u53f2\u4e0a\u6700\u5177\u4efd\u91cf\u7684\u6cd5\u9662\u4e4b\u53cb\u610f\u898b\u66f8\u3002\uff3b\u8a3b1\uff3d\u6642\u4efb\u7f8e\u570b\u526f\u7e3d\u7d71\u9322\u5c3c\uff08Chiney\uff09\uff0c\u9023\u540c\u5927\u534a\u500b\u7f8e\u570b\u570b\u6703\uff1a55\u500b\u53c3\u8b70\u54e1\u3001250\u500b\u773e\u8b70\u54e1\uff0c\u4ee5\u81f3\u5168\u570b\u6b65\u69cd\u5354\u6703\uff08National Rifle Association\uff09\u7b4947\u500b\u7d44\u7e54\u3001\u7f8e\u570b31\u500b\u5dde\u4efd\u7684\u4ee3\u8868\u5747\u806f\u7f72\u63d0\u4ea4\u6cd5\u5f8b\u6587\u66f8\uff0c\u652f\u6301\u4e0a\u8a34\u4ebaHeller\u6709\u6b0a\u64c1\u6709\u69cd\u68b0\u3002\u3000<\/p>\n

\u7f8e\u570b\u6bcf\u5e74\u6709\u5927\u7d04\u4e00\u842c\u4eba\u56e0\u69cd\u6bba\u800c\u6b7b\uff0c\u55ae\u662f2017\u5e74\u5df2\u6709\u8d85\u904e13293\u4eba\u56e0\u69cd\u68b0\u66b4\u529b\u800c\u6b7b\uff0c27190\u4eba\u53d7\u50b7\u3002\uff3b\u8a3b2\uff3d\u96d6\u7136\u8a31\u591a\u4eba\u8a8d\u70ba\u5371\u96aa\u69cd\u68b0\u61c9\u8a72\u5728\u92b7\u552e\u4e0a\u52a0\u4ee5\u7ba1\u5236\u3002\u53ef\u662f\uff0c\u4e0d\u5c11\u7f8e\u570b\u4eba\u7406\u89e3\u6301\u6709\u69cd\u68b0\u70ba\u500b\u4eba\u6b0a\u5229\uff0c\u5c0d\u81ea\u6211\u9632\u885b\u5341\u5206\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u6709\u95dc\u7684\u722d\u8b70\u81ea\u7f8e\u570b\u7368\u7acb\u9769\u547d\u5df2\u7d93\u51fa\u73fe\u3002<\/em>
\n\u3000
\n\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4fee\u6b63\u6848\u3000<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u7531\u7f8e\u570b\u7acb\u570b\u958b\u59cb\uff0c\u64c1\u6709\u6b66\u5668\u5c31\u88ab\u8996\u70ba\u4e00\u7a2e\u6b0a\u5229\u30021791\u5e74\uff0c\u7f8e\u570b\u61b2\u6cd5\u3008\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4fee\u6b63\u6848\u3009\u6b63\u5f0f\u751f\u6548\u3002\u689d\u6587\u70ba\u300c\u4e00\u652f\u898f\u7bc4\u7684\u6c11\u5175\uff0c\u5c0d\u4fdd\u969c\u4e00\u500b\u81ea\u7531\u5dde\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u5be6\u5c6c\u5fc5\u8981\uff0c\u4eba\u6c11\u5b58\u6709\u53ca\u651c\u5e36\u6b66\u5668\u7684\u6b0a\u5229\u4e0d\u5bb9\u4fb5\u72af\u300d\uff3b\u8a3b3\uff3d\u3002\u689d\u6587\u634d\u885b\u500b\u4eba\u6301\u6709\u6b66\u5668\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u69cd\u68b0\uff09\u7684\u6b0a\u5229\uff0c\u540c\u6642\u6709\u5c0d\u6297\u5c08\u5236\u653f\u6b0a\u7684\u610f\u601d\u3002\u4fee\u6b63\u6848\u4fdd\u969c\u5404\u5dde\u6709\u6b0a\u7dad\u6301\u6c11\u5175\u6b66\u88dd\uff0c\u4ee5\u9632\u806f\u90a6\u653f\u5e9c\u5c08\u5236\u7368\u88c1\uff0c\u4fb5\u72af\u5404\u5dde\u81ea\u6cbb\u3002\u3000<\/p>\n

1939\u5e74\u7f8e\u570b\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u5728Miller\u6848\uff3b\u8a3b4\uff3d\u4e2d\uff0c\u5c0d\u3008\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4fee\u6b63\u6848\u3009\u7684\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u6b63\u6b63\u5728\u65bc\u4fdd\u969c\u5dde\u653f\u5e9c\u53ef\u4ee5\u85c9\u6b64\u8a13\u7df4\u6c11\u5175\uff0c\u634d\u885b\u5730\u65b9\u81ea\u6cbb\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6c11\u5175\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u69cd\u68b0\u4f7f\u7528\u53ef\u4ee5\u53d7\u5230\u7ba1\u5236\u3002\u3000<\/p>\n

\u53ef\u662f\uff0c\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u65bc2008\u5e74\u537b\u5c07\u3008\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4fee\u6b63\u6848\u3009\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u7406\u89e3\u70ba\u4fdd\u969c\u500b\u4eba\u6301\u69cd\u7684\u6b0a\u5229\u3002\u4e00\u500b\u4eba\u662f\u5426\u6c11\u5175\uff0c\u8207\u6301\u69cd\u6b0a\u7121\u95dc\u3002
\n\u3000
\n\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u6cd5\u9662\u5c0d\u3008\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4fee\u6b63\u6848\u3009\u7684\u89e3\u8b80\u6703\u6709\u6240\u8f49\u8b8a\u5462\uff1f\u8b93\u6211\u5011\u770b\u770b2008\u5e74Heller\u6848\u7684\u80cc\u666f\u3002
\n\u3000
\n\u5730\u65b9\u6cd5\u6848<\/strong>
\n\u3000
\n\u7f8e\u570b\u5404\u500b\u5dde\u653f\u5e9c\u53ca\u5e02\u653f\u5e9c\u90fd\u6709\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4e00\u5957\u6cd5\u5f8b\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u69cd\u68b0\u7684\u53d7\u7ba1\u5236\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e26\u4e0d\u76f8\u540c\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\u83ef\u76db\u9813\u54e5\u502b\u6bd4\u4e9e\u7279\u5340\u7684\u5e02\u8b70\u6703\uff08Council of Washington, District of Columbia\uff09\u65bc1976\u5e74\u901a\u904e\u56b4\u683c\u7684\u300c\u69cd\u68b0\u7ba1\u5236\u6cd5\u300d\uff08Firearms Control Regulations Act\uff09\u3002\u9664\u975e\u7d93\u904e\u8a3b\u518a\uff0c\u5426\u5247\u5c45\u6c11\u4e0d\u80fd\u64c1\u6709\u624b\u69cd\uff3b\u8a3b5\uff3d\u3002\u54e5\u502b\u6bd4\u4e9e\u7279\u5340\uff08\u4e0b\u7a31DC\uff09\u662f\u7f8e\u570b\u72af\u7f6a\u7387\u751a\u9ad8\u7684\u57ce\u5e02\uff0c1976\u5e74\u7684\u4e00\u9805\u6c11\u8abf\u986f\u793a\uff0c\u56db\u4efd\u4e09\u5c45\u6c11\u652f\u6301\u6709\u95dc\u6cd5\u6848\u3002\u3000<\/p>\n

\u6cd5\u6848\u4e00\u76f4\u53d7\u5230\u8a34\u8a1f\u6311\u6230\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u90fd\u4ee5\u6557\u8a34\u544a\u7d42\uff0c\u76f4\u5230Heller\u6848\u70ba\u6b62\u3002DC\u5c45\u6c11Dick Heller\u7531\u65bc\u5f9e\u4e8b\u79c1\u4eba\u4fdd\u5b89\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u5728\u5de5\u4f5c\u671f\u9593\u53ef\u5408\u6cd5\u6301\u69cd\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u7531\u65bcDC\u7684\u6cd5\u4f8b\u6240\u9650\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e0d\u80fd\u5728\u5bb6\u4e2d\u5408\u6cd5\u4fdd\u5b58\u69cd\u68b0\u3002
\n\u3000
\n\u8eab\u70ba\u4e00\u500b\u69cd\u68b0\u611b\u597d\u8005\uff0c\u4ed6\u8a8d\u70ba\u81ea\u5df1\u6709\u6b0a\u5229\u5728\u5bb6\u4e2d\u5b58\u69cd\u3002\u9019\u6642\uff0c\u504f\u5411\u81ea\u7531\u653e\u4efb\u4e3b\u7fa9\u3000\uff08Libertarianism\uff09\uff3b\u8a3b6\uff3d\u7684\u667a\u5eab\u5361\u6258\u7814\u7a76\u6240\uff08Cato Institute\uff09\u627e\u4e0a\u4e86\u4ed6\u30022003\u5e74\uff0c\u5361\u6258\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u7684Levy\uff3b\u8a3b7\uff3d\u51fa\u9322\u8cc7\u52a9Heller\u5728\u5167\u76846\u500bDC\u5c45\u6c11\u5411DC\u5730\u65b9\u6cd5\u9662\u4e0a\u8a34\uff0c\u4e0a\u8a34\u5931\u6557\u3002\u8ab0\u77e5\uff0c4\u5e74\u5f8c\u5730\u65b9\u4e0a\u8a34\u6cd5\u9662\u5c31\u63a8\u7ffb\u4e86\u9019\u500b\u6c7a\u5b9a\u3002\u7f8e\u570b\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u6c7a\u5b9a\u53d7\u7406Heller\u7684\u4e0a\u8a34\u3002\u3000<\/p>\n

\u7f8e\u570b\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662<\/strong>
\n\u3000
\n\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u75318\u500b\u7d42\u8eab\u5927\u6cd5\u5b98\u53ca1\u500b\u9996\u5e2d\u5927\u6cd5\u5b98\u51719\u4eba\u7d44\u6210\u3002\u7576\u5927\u6cd5\u5b98\u51fa\u7f3a\uff0c\u6642\u4efb\u7e3d\u7d71\u6709\u6b0a\u63d0\u540d\u5927\u6cd5\u5b98\uff0c\u518d\u7d93\u7531\u53c3\u8b70\u9662\u901a\u904e\u4efb\u547d\u3002\u96d6\u7136\u5927\u6cd5\u5b98\u7684\u7d42\u8eab\u5236\u78ba\u4fdd\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u7368\u7acb\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u610f\u8b58\u5f62\u614b\u6709\u6642\u6703\u5f71\u97ff\u5176\u53d6\u614b\uff3b\u8a3b8\uff3d\u3002\u4e00\u822c\u7f8e\u570b\u5a92\u9ad4\u6703\u5c07\u5927\u6cd5\u5b98\u7c97\u7565\u5283\u5206\u70ba\u81ea\u7531\u6d3e\u53ca\u4fdd\u5b88\u6d3e\u3002\u7e3d\u7d71\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u64da\u6cd5\u5b98\u4ee5\u5f80\u7684\u8a34\u8a1f\u8a18\u9304\u63a8\u51fa\u8ad6\u5176\u50be\u5411\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5916\u754c\u5927\u591a\u8a8d\u70ba\u7279\u6717\u666e\u63d0\u540d\u7684\u6208\u85a9\u5947\u5927\u6cd5\u5b98\uff0c\u5c6c\u4fdd\u5b88\u6d3e\uff0c\u89aa\u8fd1\u5171\u548c\u9ee8\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u7acb\u5834\u3002\u3000<\/p>\n

Heller\u6848\u4e2d\uff0c\u5927\u6cd5\u5b98Kennedy\u53caSouter\u90fd\u6bd4\u8f03\u504f\u5411\u4e2d\u9593\u6d3e\u3002\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u6700\u7d42\u4ee55\u6bd44\u7684\u7968\u6578\uff0c\u88c1\u5b9aDC\u7684\u69cd\u7ba1\u6cd5\u6848\u9055\u61b2\u3002\u7576\u4e2d\u6295\u652f\u6301\u7968\u7684\u9996\u5e2d\u5927\u6cd5\u5b98\u53ca\u53e6\u59163\u500b\u5927\u6cd5\u5b98\u90fd\u88ab\u8996\u70ba\u4fdd\u5b88\u6d3e\uff0cKennedy\u504f\u4e2d\u7acb\uff1b\u67093\u500b\u53cd\u5c0d\u7684\u5927\u6cd5\u5b98\u5247\u88ab\u8996\u70ba\u81ea\u7531\u6d3e\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u5927\u6cd5\u5b98Souter\u50be\u5411\u4e2d\u9593\u6d3e\u3002\u3000<\/p>\n

\u88c1\u6c7a\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u7f8e\u570b\u5404\u5dde\u51fa\u73fe80\u591a\u5b97\u5c0d\u5730\u65b9\u69cd\u7ba1\u6cd5\u4f8b\u7684\u4e0a\u8a34\uff0c\u6709\u52dd\u6709\u6557\u3002\u4e0d\u904e2010\u5e74\u7684McDonald\u6848\uff3b\u8a3b9\uff3d\u4e2d\uff0c\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u5c07Heller\u6848\u4e2d\u5c0d\u3008\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4fee\u6b63\u6848\u3009\u7684\u89e3\u91cb\u64f4\u5c55\u5230\u5168\u90e8\u5dde\u4efd\uff0c\u610f\u5473\u8457\u5404\u5dde\u90fd\u4e0d\u80fd\u9055\u53cd\u300c\u3008\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4fee\u6b63\u6848\u3009\u662f\u8981\u4fdd\u969c\u500b\u4eba\u64c1\u69cd\u6b0a\u5229\u300d\u7684\u89e3\u91cb\uff0c\u69cd\u7ba1\u6cd5\u6848\u66f4\u96e3\u5be6\u884c\u3002\u3000<\/p>\n

\u69cd\u68b0\u5718\u9ad4\u8207\u653f\u6cbb\u737b\u91d1<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u56fa\u7136\u662f\u53f8\u6cd5\u90e8\u9580\u7684\u6700\u7d42\u88c1\u6c7a\u8005\uff0c\u4f46\u570b\u6703\u8207\u5730\u65b9\u8b70\u6703\u7684\u7acb\u6cd5\u6b0a\u90fd\u4e0d\u5bb9\u5ffd\u8996\u3002\u7576\u4e2d\uff0c\u69cd\u68b0\u5718\u9ad4\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u9817\u5927\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u4e00\u76f4\u9f13\u5439\u69cd\u68b0\u6b0a\u5229\u7684\u7f8e\u570b\u5168\u570b\u6b65\u69cd\u5354\u6703\uff08National Rifle Association\uff0c\u4e0b\u7a31NRA\uff09\u3002NRA\u65bc1871\u5e74\u7531\u6b65\u69cd\u611b\u597d\u8005\u6210\u7acb\uff0c\u539f\u610f\u662f\u63a8\u5ee3\u6b65\u69cd\u6587\u5316\uff0c\u5f8c\u4f86\u6f38\u6f38\u6210\u70ba\u5f71\u97ff\u69cd\u7ba1\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u89d2\u8272\u3002\u56e0\u70ba\u4e0d\u65b7\u8209\u8fa6\u5c04\u64ca\u8cfd\u4e8b\u8207\u63d0\u4f9b\u69cd\u68b0\u57f9\u8a13\uff0cNRA\u7684\u898f\u6a21\u4e00\u76f4\u64f4\u5927\u3002\u64da\u5b98\u65b9\u6578\u5b57\uff0c\u73fe\u6642NRA\u7684\u6210\u54e1\u591a\u9054500\u842c\u3002\u5176\u5de5\u4f5c\u9664\u4e86\u6559\u80b2\u69cd\u68b0\u4f7f\u7528\u3001\u63a8\u5ee3\u72e9\u7375\u5b89\u5168\u7b49\uff0c\u4ea6\u5305\u62ec\u66f4\u70ba\u4eba\u719f\u6089\u7684\u5236\u6b62\u69cd\u7ba1\u6cd5\u6848\u3002NRA\u57281975\u5e74\u66f4\u6210\u7acb\u6cd5\u5f8b\u884c\u52d5\u90e8\u9580\uff0c\u5c08\u9580\u8ca0\u8cac\u6709\u95dc\u4e8b\u52d9\u3002\u3000<\/p>\n

NRA\u6bcf\u5e74\u5728\u653f\u6cbb\u904a\u8aaa\uff08Lobbying\uff09\u6295\u653e\u9ad8\u9054300\u842c\u7f8e\u91d1\uff3b\u8a3b10\uff3d\u30022014\u5e74\u9078\u8209\u671f\u9593\u3000NRA\u5c31\u8058\u7528\u4e8629\u500b\u5168\u8077\u904a\u8aaa\u8005\uff08lobbyist\uff09\u3002\u4ed6\u5011\u90fd\u6709\u5728\u653f\u5e9c\u90e8\u9580\u5de5\u4f5c\u6216\u64d4\u7576\u570b\u6703\u8b70\u54e1\u7684\u7d93\u9a57\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u719f\u6089\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3001\u570b\u6703\u653f\u6cbb\uff0c\u4e26\u6709\u6df1\u539a\u7684\u4eba\u8108\u95dc\u4fc2\u3002\u904a\u8aaa\u8005\u6703\u8ddf\u8b70\u54e1\u6703\u9762\u4ee5\u53ca\u70ba\u8b70\u54e1\u7c4c\u6b3e\uff0c\u4ee5\u81f3\u5927\u6392\u7b75\u5e2d\uff0c\u62db\u5f85\u6709\u5f71\u97ff\u529b\u4eba\u58eb\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u8b70\u54e1\u8207\u884c\u653f\u6a5f\u95dc\u7684\u6210\u54e1\u3002\u8b6c\u5982\u4f5b\u7f85\u91cc\u9054\u5dde\u8b70\u6703\u66fe\u63d0\u51fa\u4e00\u9805\u6cd5\u6848\uff0c\u5c07\u91ab\u751f\u8a62\u554f\u75c5\u4eba\u662f\u5426\u64c1\u69cd\uff0c\u5217\u70ba\u72af\u6cd5\u884c\u70ba\u3002NRA\u5c31\u66fe\u5728\u6b64\u9805\u8b70\u6848\u53c3\u8207\u904a\u8aaa\uff0c\u4f7f\u4e4b\u5f97\u4ee5\u901a\u904e\u3002\u3000<\/p>\n

\u53e6\u5916\uff0cNRA\u4ea6\u5728\u9078\u8209\u4e2d\u5927\u7051\u91d1\u9322\u30022016\u5e74\u7684\u570b\u6703\u9078\u8209\u4e2d\uff0cNRA\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u9ad8\u90542200\u842c\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u737b\u91d1\u3002\u7f8e\u570b\u653f\u6cbb\u5236\u5ea6\u4e2d\uff0c\u653f\u6cbb\u737b\u91d1\u662f\u8981\u7d93\u7531\u653f\u6cbb\u884c\u52d5\u59d4\u54e1\u6703\uff08\u4e0b\u7a31PAC\uff09\u6350\u7d66\u9078\u8209\u5019\u9078\u4eba\u3002NRA\u5c31\u6210\u7acb\u4e86\u4e00\u500bPAC\u3002\u81ea2010\u5e74\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u5728SpeechNow.org\u6848\u4e2d\u88c1\u5b9a\u9078\u8209\u7d93\u8cbb\u7684\u4e0a\u9650\u9055\u61b2\uff0cNRA\u5728\u5167\u7684\u5927\u91cf\u8d85\u7d1aPAC\u96a8\u4e4b\u51fa\u73fe\u3002\u8d85\u7d1aPAC\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u737b\u91d1\u4e0d\u80fd\u76f4\u63a5\u6350\u7d66\u5019\u9078\u4eba\uff0c\u800c\u8981\u82b1\u5728\u5019\u9078\u4eba\u7684\u5ba3\u50b3\u6d3b\u52d5\u4e2d\u3002\u73fe\u6642\u7f8e\u570b\u67092000\u591a\u500b\u8d85\u7d1aPAC\uff0c\u81ea\u51fa\u73fe\u4ee5\u4f86\u7e3d\u5171\u82b1\u8cbb\u8d85\u904e\u5341\u5104\u7f8e\u5143\u652f\u6301\u5404\u5019\u9078\u4eba\u7684\u9078\u8209\u5ba3\u50b3\u3002\u3000<\/p>\n

NRA\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u737b\u91d1\u4e2d\uff0c\u767e\u4efd\u4e4b\u4e5d\u5341\u4e5d\u662f\u652f\u6301\u5171\u548c\u9ee8\uff0c\u767e\u4efd\u4e4b\u4e00\u6210\u652f\u6301\u6c11\u4e3b\u9ee8\u3002\u5171\u548c\u9ee8\u4eba\u504f\u5411\u652f\u6301\u64c1\u69cd\u6b0a\u5229\uff0c\u53cd\u5c0d\u5404\u7a2e\u69cd\u7ba1\u6cd5\u6848\uff0c\u81ea\u7136\u53d7\u5230NRA\u9752\u775e\u3002\u800c\u9019\u7a2e\u5229\u76ca\u8f2a\u9001\u95dc\u4fc2\u662f\u96d9\u5411\u7684\u3002\u73fe\u6642\u7f8e\u570b\u570b\u6703\u53c3\u773e\u5169\u9662\u5747\u7531\u5171\u548c\u9ee8\u4f54\u5927\u591a\u6578\uff0c\u820704\u5e74\u7684\u570b\u6703\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e00\u6a23\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5728\u89aa\u64c1\u69cd\u6b0a\u76ca\u7684\u5171\u548c\u9ee8\u4eba\u548c\u6c11\u4e3b\u9ee8\u4eba\u5f71\u97ff\u4e0b\uff0c\u7f8e\u570b\u570b\u6703\u90fd\u4e0d\u80fd\u901a\u904e\u652f\u6301\u69cd\u68b0\u7ba1\u5236\u7684\u6cd5\u6848\uff3b\u8a3b11\uff3d\u3002\u3000<\/p>\n

\u5c3e\u8072<\/strong><\/p>\n

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\u8a3b1\uff1a\u5373Amicus Curiae\uff08\u6cd5\u9662\u4e4b\u53cb\uff09\u5236\u5ea6\u3002\u539f\u610f\u70ba\u5354\u52a9\u6cd5\u5b98\u5224\u6c7a\uff0c\u8b93\u8207\u6848\u4ef6\u6709\u5229\u5bb3\u95dc\u4fc2\uff0c\u537b\u4e0d\u662f\u8a34\u8a1f\u7576\u4e8b\u4eba\u7684\u7d44\u7e54\u6216\u500b\u5225\u4eba\u58eb\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u51fa\u76f8\u95dc\u8cc7\u8a0a\u8207\u6cd5\u5f8b\u89e3\u91cb\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u6587\u66f8\u7d66\u6cd5\u5ead\uff0c\u4ee5\u5354\u52a9\u8a34\u8a1f\u9032\u884c\uff0c\u6216\u8b93\u6cd5\u5b98\u66f4\u4e86\u89e3\u722d\u8b70\u7684\u6240\u5728\u3002\u6709\u95dc\u6587\u66f8\u73fe\u5e38\u7528\u4f5c\u8868\u9054\u610f\u898b\uff0c\u5f71\u97ff\u6cd5\u5ead\u88c1\u5224\u3002
\n\u8a3b2\uff1a\u622a\u81f311\u67089\u65e5\u7684\u6578\u64da
\n\u8a3b3\uff1a\u539f\u6587\u70ba”A well regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear Arms, shall not be infringed.”\u3002\u3000
\n\u8a3b4\uff1aMiller\u8a66\u5716\u6311\u6230\u4e00\u9805\u806f\u90a6\u653f\u5e9c\u70ba\u69cd\u68b0\u589e\u7a05\u7684\u6cd5\u6848\uff0c\u6557\u8a34\u3002
\n\u8a3b5\uff1a\u800c\u8a3b\u518a\u7684\u69cd\u68b0\u5728\u5bb6\u4e2d\u4fdd\u5b58\u6642\u4ea6\u8981\u78ba\u4fdd\u672a\u4e0a\u5f48\u85e5\u3001\u5df2\u62c6\u5378\u6216\u88dd\u670911\u677f\u6a5f\u4e0a\u9396\u88dd\u7f6e\u3002\u3000
\n\u8a3b6\uff1a\u4e3b\u5f35\u6700\u5c11\u7684\u5916\u5728\u7ba1\u5236\uff0c\u4ee5\u9054\u81f3\u500b\u4eba\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u6700\u5927\u5316\uff0c\u6709\u6642\u4e5f\u8b6f\u70ba\u300c\u5e02\u5834\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u7fa9\u300d\uff0c\u76e1\u53ef\u80fd\u6e1b\u5c11\u5c0d\u5e02\u5834\u7684\u5e72\u9810\u3002\u5e38\u8207\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u7fa9\u5de6\u7ffc\uff08liberal left\uff09\u76f8\u5c0d\u7acb\u3002\u3000
\n\u8a3b7\uff1aRobert. A. Levy\u51fa\u65bc\u61b2\u6cd5\u4e0a\u7684\u5b78\u8853\u8208\u8da3\uff0c\u5e0c\u671b\u501f\u8cc7\u52a9\u4ed6\u4eba\u4e0a\u8a34\uff0c\u6311\u6230\u61b2\u6cd5\u7684\u754c\u9650\u3002
\n\u8a3b8\uff1a\u5927\u7d04\u6709\u5169\u6210\u7684\u500b\u6848\u8207\u9019\u7a2e\u610f\u8b58\u5f62\u614b\u5283\u5206\u6709\u95dc\u3002
\n\u8a3b9\uff1aOtis McDonald\u5411\u6cd5\u9662\u63d0\u51fa\u4e0a\u8a34\uff0c\u6311\u6230\u829d\u52a0\u54e5\u7684\u624b\u69cd\u7981\u5236\u6cd5\u6848\u3002\u3000
\n\u8a3b10\uff1a\u64da\u7368\u7acb\u6a5f\u69cbOpensecrets\u7684\u6578\u64da\u3002
\n\u8a3b11\uff1a\u6709\u95dcNRA\u5c0d\u570b\u6703\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\uff0c\u53e6\u898bMusa, Sam. 2016. “The Impact of NRA on the American Policy.” Journal of Political Sciences and Public Affairs 4, no.222.\u3002\u3000<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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