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\u4e8b\u4e0d\u95dc\u5df1\uff0c\u9ad8\u9ad8\u639b\u8d77\uff1f<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

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\u50b3\u7d71\u52d5\u7269\u502b\u7406 <\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

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\u5951\u7d04\u8ad6\u7684\u6279\u8a55 <\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

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\u7576\u4ee3\u52d5\u7269\u502b\u7406\u5b78 <\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u73fe\u4ee3\u52d5\u7269\u502b\u7406\u5b78\u4e3b\u8981\u6709\u5169\u500b\u9032\u8def\uff0cPeter Singer \u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u6548\u76ca\u4e3b\u7fa9\u548c Tom Regan \u7684\u7d55\u5c0d\u6b0a\u5229\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6548\u76ca\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8a8d\u70ba\u5224\u65b7\u4e00\u4ef6\u4e8b\u662f\u5426\u9053\u5fb7\u61c9\u8a72\u8a08\u7b97\u5168\u4eba\u985e\u5e78\u798f\u7684\u7e3d\u548c\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u5e78\u798f\u7a0b\u5ea6\u6709\u6240\u589e\u52a0\u4fbf\u662f\u9053\u5fb7\u3002\u800c\u56b4\u683c\u6548\u76ca\u4e3b\u7fa9\u63d0\u51fa\u6240\u8a08\u7b97\u7684\u5e78\u798f\u8207\u4e0d\u5e78\u61c9\u540c\u6642\u8a08\u7b97\u6240\u6709\u6709\u611f\u77e5\u75db\u82e6\u548c\u5feb\u6a02\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u751f\u7269\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u52d5\u7269\u7684\u5feb\u6a02\u4ea6\u61c9\u662f\u6211\u5011\u8861\u91cf\u9053\u5fb7\u7684\u6a19\u6e96\u3002Peter Singer \u7684\u89c0\u9ede\u7121\u7591\u662f\u5283\u6642\u4ee3\u7684\uff0c\u5c07\u52d5\u7269\u548c\u4eba\u985e\u653e\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u6c34\u5e73\u8a0e\u8ad6\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u6548\u76ca\u4e3b\u7fa9\u5c40\u9650\u65bc\u5177\u611f\u77e5\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u52d5\u7269\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u7121\u6cd5\u9069\u7528\u65bc\u90e8\u5206\u5931\u53bb\u77e5\u89ba\u7684\u4eba\u985e\u3002\u59d1\u52ff\u8ad6\u6d3b\u751f\u751f\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u6c92\u6709\u77e5\u89ba\uff0c\u793e\u6703\u4e3b\u6d41\u8a8d\u70ba\u6b7b\u8005\u4ea6\u61c9\u8a72\u88ab\u5c0a\u91cd\uff0c\u6545\u6548\u76ca\u4e3b\u7fa9\u672a\u80fd\u89e3\u91cb\u9019\u4e00\u9053\u5fb7\u76f4\u89ba\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u56e0\u6b64 Tom Regan \u63d0\u51fa\u6211\u5011\u61c9\u8a72\u5c0a\u91cd\u6240\u6709\u751f\u547d\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u6c92\u6709\u611f\u77e5\u7684\u751f\u547d\u3002\u4ed6\u770b\u4f3c\u5f88\u5b8c\u7f8e\u5730\u8ad6\u8ff0\u4e86\u52d5\u7269\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u751f\u547d\u7d55\u5c0d\u6b0a\u5229\u4f3c\u4e4e\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f4c\u88dc\u6548\u76ca\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u4e0d\u8db3\uff0c\u751f\u547d\u7684\u50f9\u503c\u4e0d\u53ea\u662f\u5e78\u8207\u4e0d\u5e78\uff0c\u9084\u6709\u6c42\u751f\u3001\u7e41\u884d\u3001\u4e3b\u9ad4\u6027\u7b49\u7b49\uff0c\u52d5\u7269\u7684\u751f\u547d\u548c\u672c\u80fd\u5b58\u5728\u5167\u5728\u50f9\u503c\uff0c\u61c9\u8a72\u88ab\u5c0a\u91cd\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6211\u5011\u8a8d\u540c\u7d55\u5c0d\u6b0a\u5229\uff0c\u5f80\u5f80\u6703\u9677\u5165\u67d0\u7a2e\u9053\u5fb7\u5169\u96e3\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u61c9\u5426\u70ba\u4e86\u62ef\u6551\u4e00\u96bb\u5c0f\u9ce5\uff0c\u9935\u98fc\u7260\u87f2\u5b50\uff1f<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u300c\u6b0a\u5229\uff0c\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u540d\u5b57\u662f\u6b63\u7fa9\u3002 \u300d<\/strong> <\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u4f3c\u4e4e\u6c92\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u7406\u8ad6\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b8c\u7f8e\u5730\u8ad6\u8ff0\u52d5\u7269\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u4f46\u4eba\u985e\u5c0d\u52d5\u7269\u5b58\u5728\u7fa9\u52d9\uff08\u76f4\u63a5\u6216\u9593\u63a5\uff09\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u8b49\u660e\u7684\u3002\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u8a8d\u540c\u6027\u5225\u5e73\u7b49\u3001\u7a2e\u65cf\u5e73\u7b49\u3001\u95dc\u61f7\u5f31\u52e2\u22ef\u22ef\u4f60\u61c9\u8a72\u8a8d\u540c\u52d5\u7269\u7684\u50f9\u503c\u3002\u5973\u6027\u3001\u6027\u5c0f\u773e\u3001\u5c11\u6578\u65cf\u88d4\u7684\u6b0a\u5229\u4e0d\u61c9\u8a72\u662f\u5efa\u57fa\u65bc\u8207\u67d0\u4e9b\u300c\u7279\u6b0a\u968e\u7d1a\u300d\u7684\u76f8\u4f3c\u4e4b\u8655\uff0c\u5f31\u80fd\u4eba\u58eb\u4ea6\u4e0d\u61c9\u8a72\u56e0\u70ba\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u8f03\u5dee\uff0c\u5c65\u884c\u4e0d\u5230\u4e00\u4e9b\u5c0d\u4ed6\u5011\u4e0d\u5408\u7406\u7684\u7fa9\u52d9\uff0c\u800c\u7f3a\u5931\u4e00\u4e9b\u57fa\u672c\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u7684\u4eba\u6b0a\u61c9\u662f\u751f\u800c\u6709\u4e4b\uff0c\u540c\u6a23\u52d5\u7269\u4ea6\u5b58\u5728\u4ed6\u5011\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u6b0a\u5229\u3002\u6211\u5011\u548c\u52d5\u7269\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\u7121\u7591\u9700\u8981\u66f4\u591a\u601d\u8003\uff0c\u4f46\u5c0a\u91cd\u751f\u547d\u9019\u4e00\u50f9\u503c\u4e0d\u61c9\u88ab\u8cea\u7591\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u99b4\u990a\u52d5\u7269\u7684\u5bf5\u7269\u9053\u5fb7<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u5bf5\u7269\u662f\u8207\u6211\u5011\u6700\u89aa\u8fd1\u7684\u52d5\u7269\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u53ef\u80fd\u6bd4\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u4eba\u985e\u66f4\u52a0\u89aa\u8fd1\u3002\u7260\u5011\u70ba\u6211\u5011\u63d0\u4f9b\u60c5\u611f\u7684\u5b89\u6170\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u70ba\u7260\u5011\u63d0\u4f9b\u751f\u6d3b\u6240\u9700\uff0c\u807d\u4e0a\u53bb\u662f\u4e00\u5834\u516c\u5e73\u7684\u4ea4\u6613\u3002\u4e8b\u5be6\u662f\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5f9e\u4f86\u90fd\u6c92\u6709\u5f97\u5230\u52d5\u7269\u7684\u9996\u80af\uff0c\u5c31\u6c38\u9060\u525d\u596a\u4e86\u7260\u5011\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u548c\u7368\u7acb\u751f\u5b58\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u8003\u53e4\u5b78\u5bb6\u8a8d\u70ba\u4e00\u958b\u59cb\u4eba\u985e\u99b4\u990a\u72d7\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\u662f\u4eba\u985e\u70ba\u8f03\u6eab\u99b4\u7684\u72fc\u6e96\u5099\u98df\u7269\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u9a45\u8d95\u91ce\u6027\u8f03\u5f37\u7684\u72fc\uff0c\u6eab\u99b4\u7684\u72fc\u4e0d\u65b7\u7e41\u6b96\u9078\u80b2\uff0c\u6700\u7d42\u6210\u70ba\u4eca\u65e5\u7684\u72d7\u3002\u807d\u4e0a\u53bb\u6c92\u6709\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u4f46\u8c93\u72d7\u7684\u99b4\u990a\u6b77\u53f2\u5df2\u592a\u4e45\u9060\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u7121\u6cd5\u5f97\u77e5\u771f\u78ba\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u77e5\u9053\u7684\u662f\u5176\u4ed6\u7269\u7a2e\u7684\u99b4\u990a\u662f\u6b98\u5fcd\u7684\uff0c\u6355\u7372\u91ce\u751f\u7684\u7269\u7a2e\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u9078\u80b2\u6eab\u99b4\u7684\u500b\u9ad4\u3002\u90a3\u5982\u679c\u771f\u7684\u5982\u4e0a\u6587\u63cf\u8ff0\u72fc\u99b4\u5316\u6210\u72d7\u7684\u81ea\u9858\u904e\u7a0b\uff0c\u53c8\u662f\u5426\u5408\u4e4e\u9053\u5fb7\u6a19\u6e96\uff1f<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5373\u4f7f\u99b4\u5316\u52d5\u7269\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\u662f\u81ea\u9858\uff0c\u4f46\u5bf5\u7269\u5728\u548c\u4eba\u985e\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\u6216\u591a\u6216\u5c11\u6703\u626d\u66f2\u4e00\u4e9b\u5929\u6027\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u56f0\u5728\u5bb6\u4e2d\u4e0d\u80fd\u5916\u51fa\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u5982\u5ec1\u4e5f\u8981\u7b49\u4e3b\u4eba\u5e36\u7260\u6563\u6b65\uff0c\u81f3\u5c11\u8981\u548c\u4eba\u985e\u4e00\u540c\u751f\u6d3b\u4e5f\u4e0d\u53ef\u4ee5\u50b7\u5bb3\u4eba\u985e\u6216\u540c\u4f4f\u7684\u52d5\u7269\u3002\u5728 Tom Regan \u7684\u7406\u8ad6\u4e2d\uff0c\u5929\u6027\u4e0d\u80fd\u5f8c\u5929\u88ab\u4eba\u70ba\u5e72\u9810\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5728\u99b4\u990a\u52d5\u7269\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\u6839\u672c\u4e0a\u662f\u4e0d\u5408\u7b26\u9053\u5fb7\u7684\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5bf5\u7269\u5728\u60c5\u611f\u4e0a\u6eff\u8db3\u4e86\u4eba\u9700\u8981\u966a\u4f34\u7684\u9700\u6c42\uff0c\u5bf5\u7269\u4ea6\u80fd\u5920\u514d\u65bc\u91ce\u5916\u7684\u5371\u6a5f\u91cd\u91cd\uff08\u5982\u679c\u6211\u5011\u80fd\u63d0\u4f9b\u5bf5\u7269\u5728\u6bd4\u91ce\u5916\u66f4\u8212\u9069\u7684\u74b0\u5883\uff09\uff0c\u90a3\u7406\u8ad6\u4e0a\u53ea\u8981\u98fc\u990a\u5bf5\u7269\u80fd\u5275\u9020\u7684\u5feb\u6a02\u6bd4\u99b4\u990a\u904e\u7a0b\u88fd\u9020\u7684\u75db\u82e6\u591a\uff0c\u6eff\u8db3\u6548\u76ca\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u6a19\u6e96\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u98fc\u990a\u5bf5\u7269\u7684\u9053\u5fb7 <\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u7d55\u5c0d\u6b0a\u5229\u8a8d\u70ba\u99b4\u990a\u52d5\u7269\u662f\u4e0d\u9053\u5fb7\u7684\uff0c\u81ea\u7136\u6c92\u6709\u8ac7\u8ad6\u98fc\u990a\u4e4b\u5fc5\u8981\u3002\u5373\u4f7f\u5728\u6548\u76ca\u4e3b\u7fa9\u4e0b\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u4ea6\u5f80\u5f80\u672a\u80fd\u63d0\u4f9b\u6bd4\u91ce\u5916\u66f4\u8212\u9069\u7684\u74b0\u5883\u3002\u807d\u4e0a\u53bb\u5f88\u8352\u8b2c\uff0c\u91ce\u5916\u6709\u6355\u7375\u8005\uff0c\u5929\u6c23\u8b8a\u5e7b\uff0c\u5371\u6a5f\u91cd\u91cd\uff0c\u6bcf\u9910\u7684\u6eab\u98fd\u548c\u4e0b\u4e00\u9910\u662f\u5426\u5b58\u5728\u5747\u6210\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u5b89\u7a69\u5bb6\u990a\u7684\u74b0\u5883\u986f\u7136\u512a\u65bc\u91ce\u5916\u3002\u53ef\u60dc\u9019\u7a2e\u5047\u8a2d\u53ea\u57fa\u65bc\u4eba\u985e\u7684\u8a2d\u60f3\u4e0a\uff0c\u52d5\u7269\u548c\u4eba\u6709\u622a\u7136\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u9700\u8981\uff0c\u7260\u5011\u9700\u8981\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u6d3b\u52d5\u7a7a\u9593\u5728\u4eba\u53e3\u7a20\u5bc6\u7684\u57ce\u5e02\u88e1\u96e3\u4ee5\u6eff\u8db3\uff08\u5708\u990a\u52d5\u7269\u5c24\u751a\uff09\uff1b\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u5e02\u552e\u98fc\u6599\u4ea6\u672a\u80fd\u6eff\u8db3\u52d5\u7269\u7684\u71df\u990a\u9700\u6c42\u6216\u98df\u7269\u591a\u6a23\u6027\uff1b\u8a31\u591a\u5bf5\u7269\u90fd\u751f\u6d3b\u5728\u6c23\u5019\u8207\u539f\u5c45\u5730\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u66f4\u751a\u8005\uff0c\u73fe\u6642\u90e8\u5206\u4eba\u5c0d\u5f85\u5bf5\u7269\u7684\u884c\u5f91\u96e3\u4ee5\u8a00\u55bb\u3002\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u5bf5\u7269\u7e41\u6b96\u5834\u548c\u5bf5\u7269\u5e97\u7684\u74b0\u5883\u60e1\u52a3\uff0c\u8fd1\u89aa\u7e41\u6b96\u3001\u5f37\u8feb\u5df2\u7d93\u4e0d\u9069\u5408\u7e41\u6b96\u7684\u52d5\u7269\u914d\u7a2e\u751f\u80b2\u3002\u4ee4\u4eba\u5ee2\u89e3\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u6709\u4eba\u82b1\u5927\u91cf\u91d1\u9322\u8cb7\u4e0b\u5bf5\u7269\u6216\u5343\u8f9b\u842c\u82e6\u9818\u990a\u5f8c\uff0c\u53c8\u4e0d\u5584\u5f85\u7260\u5011\uff0c\u4ee5\u8650\u5f85\u52d5\u7269\u53d6\u6a02\u6216\u68c4\u990a\u3002\u6291\u6216\u8d70\u5411\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u6975\u7aef\uff0c\u66ff\u7260\u5011\u7a7f\u978b\u66f4\u8863\uff0c\u4ee5\u5b30\u5152\u8eca\u4ee3\u6b65\uff0c\u8aaa\u662f\u611b\u7260\uff0c\u8aaa\u7a7f\u4e86\u4e0d\u904e\u662f\u611b\u4f54\u6709\u7260\u3002\u6211\u5011\u5230\u5e95\u662f\u600e\u6a23\u770b\u5f85\u671d\u5915\u76f8\u8655\u7684\u7260\u5011\uff1f<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7d50\u8a9e <\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u4eba\u985e\u5728\u6b77\u53f2\u4e0a\u5927\u591a\u6578\u6642\u9593\u90fd\u4e0d\u8a8d\u53ef\u52d5\u7269\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u7260\u5011\u53ea\u662f\u4eba\u985e\u7684\u9644\u5eb8\u6216\u8ca1\u7522\uff0c\u76f4\u81f3 1992 \u5e74\u745e\u58eb\u624d\u9996\u6b21\u5728\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4e0a\u78ba\u8a8d\u52d5\u7269\u662f\u300c\u751f\u547d\u300d\u800c\u975e\u300c\u7269\u54c1\u300d\uff0c\u4f46\u6642\u81f3\u4eca\u65e5\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u570b\u5bb6\u52d5\u7269\u4ecd\u7136\u4e0d\u662f\u751f\u547d\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u300c\u7269\u54c1\u300d\uff0c\u9644\u5c6c\u65bc\u67d0\u500b\u4eba\u624d\u6709\u4f5c\u70ba\u300c\u8ca1\u7522\u300d\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5730\u4f4d\u3002\u66fe\u5e7e\u4f55\u6642\uff0c\u4eba\u985e\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u6b0a\u8cb4\u7684\u7269\u54c1\uff0c\u5973\u6027\u662f\u7537\u6027\u7684\u8ca1\u7522\uff1b\u5974\u96b8\u662f\u4e3b\u4eba\u7684\u9644\u5eb8\uff1b\u5e73\u6c11\u662f\u541b\u4e3b\u7684\u5f9e\u5c6c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5982\u679c\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u4e0d\u80fd\u5920\u63a5\u53d7\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u751f\u547d\u88ab\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u638c\u63a7\uff0c\u53c8\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u53ef\u4ee5\u638c\u63e1\u5176\u4ed6\u751f\u547d\u7684\u751f\u6bba\u5927\u6b0a\uff1f<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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