\u6587\uff1a Sycamore<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u300a\u5973\u4eba\u7cfb\u5217\u30fb\u7bc0\u80b2\u74b0\u300b2014 \u5468\u96ef\u975c
\u300c\u90fd\u662f\u66fe\u7d93\u51fa\u73fe\u904e\u7684\u771f\u5be6\u7684\u5f62\u72c0\uff0c1:1 \u7684\u6bd4\u4f8b\uff0c\u505a\u6210\u4e86\u50cf\u5973\u6027\u9996\u98fe\u4e00\u6a23\u7684\u96d5\u5851\u3002\u300d\u2014\u2014\u5468\u96ef\u975c [1]<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u5168\u7403\u8d85\u904e\u4e09\u5206\u4e4b\u4e8c\u4f7f\u7528\u7bc0\u80b2\u74b0\u7684\u5973\u6027\u90fd\u5728\u4e2d\u570b [2] \uff0c\u9019\u4e00\u73fe\u8c61\u5f88\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u6e90\u65bc\u300c\u4e00\u80ce\u653f\u7b56\u300d\u3002\u300c\u4e00\u80ce\u4e0a\u74b0\uff0c\u4e8c\u80ce\u7d55\u80b2\u300d[3]\uff0c\u662f 1982 \u5e74\u7531\u6642\u4efb\u8a08\u751f\u59d4\u4e3b\u4efb\u9322\u5fe0\u4fe1\u63d0\u51fa\uff0c\u5728\u5404\u5730\u5340\u4e0d\u540c\u7a0b\u5ea6\u5730\u5be6\u884c\u4e86 30 \u591a\u5e74\uff0c1980 \u5e74\u81f3 2014 \u5e74\u5171\u6709 3.24 \u5104\u540d\u4e2d\u570b\u5a66\u5973\u653e\u7f6e\u4e86\u5bae\u5167\u7bc0\u80b2\u5668\uff0c1.07 \u5104\u540d\u5973\u6027\u7d50\u7d25\u3002\u62d2\u7d55\u4e0a\u74b0\u6216\u8005\u7d50\u7d25\u7684\u5973\u6027\u9762\u81e8\u5b50\u5973\u7121\u6cd5\u5728\u516c\u7acb\u5b78\u6821\u4e0a\u5b78\u3001\u7121\u6cd5\u7372\u5f97\u91ab\u7642\u4fdd\u96aa\uff0c\u53ca\u5931\u53bb\u516c\u8077\u7684\u98a8\u96aa\u3002[4]<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u7bc0\u80b2\u74b0\u7684\u539f\u7406\u4ecd\u672a\u5b8c\u5168\u78ba\u5b9a\uff0c\u4f46\u7bc0\u80b2\u74b0\u662f\u76ee\u524d\u7bc0\u80b2\u6548\u7387\u6700\u9ad8\u7684\u53ef\u9006\u907f\u5b55\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u61f7\u5b55\u98a8\u96aa\u50c5\u4e0d\u8db3 1%\u3002\u6b63\u5e38\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\u4f7f\u7528\u7121\u7591\u662f\u6709\u6548\u7684\u7bc0\u80b2\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u8840\u6813\u98a8\u96aa\u4ea6\u8f03\u5176\u4ed6\u542b\u6fc0\u7d20\u907f\u5b55\u65b9\u5f0f\u4f4e\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5b50\u5bae\u74b0\u589e\u52a0\u76c6\u8154\u611f\u67d3\uff0c\u6709\u6a5f\u6703\u7a7f\u7834\u5b50\u5bae\uff0c\u4e0a\u74b0\u524d\u5fc5\u9808\u7531\u91ab\u751f\u9032\u884c\u8eab\u9ad4\u53ca\u76c6\u8154\u6aa2\u67e5\uff0c\u6709\u76e4\u8154\u53ca\u6dcb\u75c5\u611f\u67d3\u53f2\u3001\u751f\u6b96\u5668\u5b98\u7570\u5f62\u7b49\u4eba\u7fa4\u5747\u4e0d\u9069\u5408\u4e0a\u74b0\u3002\u4e2d\u5171\u4e00\u5200\u5207\u5f0f\u8981\u6c42\u6240\u6709\u5df2\u751f\u80b2\u5973\u6027\u4e0a\u74b0\uff0c\u52a0\u4e0a\u90e8\u5206\u843d\u5f8c\u5730\u5340\u91ab\u7642\u72c0\u6cc1\u60e1\u52a3\uff0c\u52e2\u5fc5\u4ee4\u90e8\u5206\u5973\u6027\u5728\u8eab\u9ad4\u4e0d\u9069\u5408\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\u88ab\u8feb\u4e0a\u74b0\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u5730\u65b9\u653f\u5e9c\u70ba\u4e86\u6eff\u8db3\u4e2d\u592e\u7bc0\u80b2\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u6c42\u5973\u6027\u4e0a\u74b0\uff0c\u800c\u6c92\u6709\u5f37\u5236\u9664\u74b0\uff0c\u90e8\u5206\u5730\u5340\u751a\u81f3\u8981\u5f97\u5230\u6279\u51c6\u624d\u53ef\u4ee5\u9664\u74b0\uff0c\u5973\u6027\u5fc5\u9808\u6234\u74b0\u81f3 50 \u6b72\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u7bc0\u80b2\u74b0\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u4eba\u5011\u60f3\u50cf\u4e2d\u4e00\u52de\u6c38\u9038\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u6709\u6548\u671f\u53ea\u6709 5-10 \u5e74\uff0c\u5230\u671f\u5fc5\u9808\u53d6\u4e0b\uff0c\u5426\u5247\u6703\u6709\u56b4\u91cd\u526f\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u5982\u8207\u5b50\u5bae\u6cbe\u9023\u3001\u611f\u67d3\u3002\u800c\u5a66\u5973\u5728\u653f\u5e9c\u58d3\u529b\u3001\u751f\u6d3b\u58d3\u529b\u3001\u7f3a\u4e4f\u5c0d\u7bc0\u80b2\u74b0\u4e86\u89e3\u4e0b\uff0c\u5f80\u5f80\u7d55\u7d93\u5f8c\u751a\u81f3\u66f4\u9577\u6642\u9593\u624d\u53d6\u74b0\u3002\u300c\u5177\u4e2d\u570b\u7279\u8272\u7684\u7bc0\u80b2\u74b0\u300d\uff0c\u65e9\u671f\u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u4e0d\u93fd\u92fc\u74b0\uff0c\u4e2d\u570b\u7bc0\u80b2\u74b0\u7684\u8a2d\u8a08\u5927\u591a\u6578\u6642\u5019\u662f\u70ba\u4e86\u66f4\u96e3\u53d6\u51fa\uff0c\u4ee4\u672c\u4f86\u5728\u9580\u8a3a\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u53d6\u7684\u74b0\u9700\u8981\u624b\u8853\u53d6\u51fa\uff0c\u7a2e\u7a2e\u56e0\u7d20\u66f4\u4ee4\u5a66\u5973\u53d6\u74b0\u7d93\u5e38\u4f34\u96a8\u5927\u51fa\u8840\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u4f75\u767c\u75c7\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u6642\u81f3\u4eca\u65e5\uff0c\u4e2d\u5171\u4ecd\u7136\u9257\u5236\u5973\u6027\u751f\u80b2\uff0c\u58d3\u5236\u4eba\u6b0a\u3002\u4e00\u908a\u653e\u5bec\u4e8c\u80ce\uff0c\u4e00\u908a\u70ba\u7dad\u543e\u723e\u5973\u6027\u5f37\u5236\u4e0a\u74b0\u6216\u8005\u6d41 \u7522\u3002Gulnar Omirzakh\u2014\u2014\u4e00\u540d\u5728\u4e2d\u570b\u51fa\u751f\u7684\u54c8\u85a9\u514b\u65cf\u5973\u6027\u2014\u2014\u540c\u6642\u662f\u4e00\u540d\u83dc\u8ca9\u7684\u59bb\u5b50\uff0c\u5728 2018 \u5e74\u4e00\u6708\u751f\u4e0b\u5979\u7684\u7b2c\u4e09\u500b\u5b50\u5973\uff0c\u88ab\u4e2d\u5171\u5f37\u5236\u8981\u6c42\u4e0a\u74b0\u53ca\u7e73\u4ea4 2,685 \u5143\u4eba\u6c11\u5e63\u7f70\u6b3e\uff0c\u4e26\u5a01\u8105\u5c07\u5176\u4e08\u592b\u9001\u5165\u518d\u6559\u80b2\u71df\u3002\u4e2d\u5171\u5728 2016 \u5e74\u52a0\u5927\u5c0d\u65b0\u7586\u8a08\u5283\u751f\u80b2\u529b\u5ea6\uff0c\u548c\u7530\u53ca\u5580\u4ec0\u7684\u51fa\u751f\u7387\u7531 2016 \u5e74\u7684 19.16% \u6025\u8dcc\u81f3 2018 \u5e74\u7684 8.17%\uff1b\u65b0\u7586\u51fa\u751f\u7387\u7531 2016 \u5e74 \u7684 15.34% \u8dcc\u81f3 2018 \u5e74\u7684 10.69%\uff1b\u4e2d\u570b\u7e3d\u9ad4\u51fa\u751f\u7387 2016 \u5e74\u70ba 12.95%\uff0c2018 \u5e74\u70ba 10.94%\u3002[5] \u7576\u4e2d\u5171\u5728\u7a4d\u6975\u63d0\u5021\u6f22\u65cf\u751f\u80b2\u7684\u540c\u6642\uff0c\u5c0d\u5c11\u6578\u6c11\u65cf\u5be6\u65bd\u66f4\u56b4\u53b2\u7684\u8a08\u751f\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u9019\u4e00\u505a\u6cd5\u986f\u7136\u7528\u610f\u4e0d\u6b62\u662f\u63a7\u5236\u4eba\u53e3\u589e\u9577\uff0c\u53c8\u6709\u591a\u5c11\u5bb6\u5ead\u548c\u5a66\u5973\u70ba\u4e4b\u53d7\u82e6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
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1950 \u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u73fe\u4ee3\u907f\u5b55\u85e5 Enovid \u9762\u4e16\uff0c\u907f\u5b55\u85e5\u7684\u539f\u7406\u662f\u901a\u904e\u670d\u7528\u5408\u6210\u96cc\u6fc0\u7d20\u53ca\u9ec3\u9ad4\u6fc0\u7d20\uff0c\u6b3a\u9a19\u8eab\u9ad4\u8aa4\u4ee5\u70ba\u61f7\u5b55\uff0c\u4e0d\u6392\u51fa\u5375\u5b50\u53ca\u4e0d\u52a0\u539a\u5b50\u5bae\u5167\u58c1\u3002\u7576\u5408\u6210\u8377\u723e\u8499\u9032\u5165\u8840\u6db2\uff0c\u8eab\u9ad4\u6703\u51fa\u73fe\u982d\u75db\u3001\u5641\u5fc3\u3001\u6c34\u816b\u53ca\u8840\u6813\u3002\u96cc\u6fc0\u7d20\u6703\u589e\u52a0\u8840\u6813\u98a8\u96aa\uff0c\u8840\u584a\u51dd\u7d50\uff0c\u4e00\u65e6\u8840\u584a\u6d41\u5230\u80ba\u90e8\u963b\u585e\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u5c0e\u81f4\u6b7b\u4ea1\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u7b2c\u4e00\u4ee3\u907f\u5b55\u85e5 Enovid \u96cc\u6fc0\u7d20\u53ca\u9ec3\u9ad4\u6fc0\u7d20\u542b\u91cf\u662f\u6709\u6548\u5291\u91cf\u7684\u5341\u500d\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684\u526f\u4f5c\u7528\u66f4\u52a0\u56b4\u91cd\uff0c\u800c\u9019\u500b\u9ad8\u5291\u91cf\u914d\u65b9\u66fe\u7d93\u5728\u6ce2\u591a\u9ece\u5404\u9032\u884c\u6e2c\u8a66\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
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2015 \u5e74\u4e16\u754c\u7bc4\u570d\u5167\u5973\u6027\u907f\u5b55\u65b9\u5f0f\u4f7f\u7528\u7387\u70ba 47.1%\uff0c\u7537\u6027\u907f\u5b55\u65b9\u5f0f\u4f7f\u7528\u7387\u50c5\u6709 10.1%\u3002\u5728 162 \u500b\u570b\u5bb6\u548c\u5730\u5340\u7684\u6709\u6548\u6578\u64da\u4e2d\uff0c\u6709 150 \u500b\u570b\u5bb6\u548c\u5730\u5340\u7684\u5973\u6027\u7d50\u7d2e\u6bd4\u4f8b\u9ad8\u65bc\u7537\u6027\uff0c82 \u500b\u570b\u5bb6\u548c\u5730\u5340\u7537\u6027\u7d50\u7d2e\u6bd4\u4f8b\u4e0d\u5230 0.05%\u3002[7] \u5b89\u5168\u5957\u662f\u526f\u4f5c\u7528\u6700\u5c11\u7684\u907f\u5b55\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u66f4\u662f\u552f\u4e00\u6709\u6548\u9810\u9632\u6027\u75c5\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u7537\u6027\u7d50\u7d25\u98a8\u96aa\u4ea6\u6bd4\u5973\u6027\u4f46\u4f4e\uff0c\u4f46\u7537\u6027\u907f\u5b55\u53ca\u7d50\u7d25\u4f7f\u7528\u7387\u4ecd\u7136\u504f\u4f4e\uff0c\u56fa\u7136\u8207\u5176\u751f\u7406\u53ca\u793e\u6703\u74b0\u5883\u6709\u95dc\uff0c\u7121\u61f7\u5b55\u4e4b\u75db\uff0c\u81ea\u7136\u8f03\u5c11\u8003\u616e\u907f\u5b55\uff1b\u843d\u5f8c\u5730\u5340\u7537\u6027\u66f4\u5f80\u5f80\u5e0c\u671b\u4ee5\u751f\u80b2\u63a7\u5236\u5973\u6027\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u751f\u6d3b\u5728\u7269\u8cea\u5bcc\u88d5\u7684\u9999\u6e2f\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u662f\u5426\u53ef\u4ee5\u7121\u8996\u56e0\u751f\u7406\u539f\u56e0\u9020\u6210\u7684\u4e0d\u516c\uff1f\u7537\u6027\u662f\u5426\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u907f\u5b55\u4e0a\u4e3b\u52d5\u80a9\u8ca0\u8d77\u66f4\u591a\u8cac\u4efb\uff1f\u4f34\u4fb6\u9593\u6703\u5426\u6709\u66f4\u591a\u53ef\u4ee5\u8a0e\u8ad6\u7684\u7a7a\u9593\uff1f\u5973\u6027\u5728\u9762\u5c0d\u907f\u5b55\u6642\u4e26\u975e\u5b64\u7368\u4e00\u4eba\uff0c\u6c38\u9060\u80fd\u5920\u8aee\u8a62\u4f60\u7684\u91ab\u751f\u548c\u4f34\u4fb6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
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[1]\uff1aShe turns 300 IUDs into Jewelry, Beautiful but Painful, Yit
[2]\uff1aJournal of Family Planning and Reproductive Health Care 2003: 29(3)
[3]\uff1a\u6881\u4e2d\u5802 \u300a\u8271\u96e3\u7684\u6b77\u7a0b\uff1a\u5f9e\u4e00\u80ce\u5316\u5230\u5973\u5152\u6236\u300b
[4]\uff1aNew York Times, After One-Child Policy, Outrage at China\u2019s Offer to Remove IUDs
[5]\uff1aAP News, After One-Child Policy, Outrage at China\u2019s Offer to Remove IUDs
[6]\uff1aDrugwatch, Yaz Settlements
[7] \uff1a W o r l d H e a l t h O r g a n i s a t i o n , T r e n d s i n Contraceptive Use Worldwide 2015<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
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